2021 Thalassaemia International Federation Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia

Beta-thalassemia and particularly its transfusion-dependent form (TDT) is a demanding clinical condition, requiring life-long care and follow-up, ideally in specialized centers and by multidisciplinary teams of experts. Despite the significant progress in TDT diagnosis and treatment over the past decades that has dramatically improved patients' prognosis, its management remains challenging. On one hand, diagnostic and therapeutic advances are not equally applied to all patients across the world, particularly in several high-prevalence eastern regions. On the other, healthcare systems in low-prevalence western countries that have recently received large numbers of migrant thalassemia patients, were not ready to address patients' special needs. Thalassaemia International Federation (TIF), a global patient-driven umbrella federation with 232 member-associations in 62 countries, strives for equal access to quality care for all patients suffering from thalassemia or other hemoglobinopathies in every part of the world by promoting education, research, awareness, and advocacy. One of TIF's main actions is the development and dissemination of clinical practice guidelines for the management of these patients. In 2021, the fourth edition of TIF's guidelines for the management of TDT was published. The full text provides detailed information on the management of TDT patients and the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment of disease complications or other clinical entities that may occur in these patients, while also covering relevant psychosocial and organizational issues. The present document is a summary of the 2021 TIF guidelines for TDT that focuses mainly on clinical practice issues and recommendations

Not Available

Not AvailableAchieving sustainable crop productivity and maintenance of concurrent soil organic carbon (SOC) at desired levels in cereal-based cropping systems in relatively, poorly fertile Vertisols in semi-arid rainfed ecosystem is challenging task for dryland researchers. Different soil fertilization practices can contribute to carbon (C) sequestration, which requires a detailed knowledge of SOC dynamics in soil profile (0-1.0 m). We conducted a field experiment for 6 years to study the effect of applying mineral fertilizers and organic amendments (FYM, compost, green leaf and crop residue) on profile SOC stocks, C sequestration, SOC sequestration rate, C buildup rate and sustainable yield index (SYI) of maize and blackgram crops in dry semi-arid Vertisols of western India. The study encompasses different nutrient management viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of NP, 25 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1), 25 kg ha(-1) N (Compost) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1), 25 kg ha(-1) N (Crop residue) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1), 15 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 10 kg N (Crop Residue) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1), 15 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 10 kg N (Compost) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1), 15 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 10 kg N (Green Leaf) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1), 100% recommended N (urea) without P and unfertilized control. Randomized Complete Block design was used wherein all the treatments were replicated thrice. Application of 15 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 10 kg N (Crop Residue) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1) significantly improved the SOC concentration of the soil profile (0-1.0 m) than unfertilized control and treatments receiving solely mineral fertilizers. Highest SOC profile stock, C sequestration with concomitant C buildup was obtained with 15 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 10 kg N (Crop Residue) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1). A positive correlation is observed between total C input and profile mean SOC content (R-2 = 0.74), profile C stock (R-2 = 0.76), C sequestration (R-2 = 0.76), C sequestration rate (R-2 = 0.76) at P values < 0.01. The conjunctive use of 15 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 10 kg N (Green Leaf) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1) and 25 kg ha(-1) N (FYM) + 25 kg N (Urea) + 30 kg P ha(-1) resulted in highest mean grain yield of maize and blackgram, respectively, which were significantly superior to treatments receiving mineral fertilization alone. Application of organic amendments in combination with mineral fertilizers was found superior in improving the SYI. Critical C input of 1.14 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) is suggested to be added in the soils externally to offset depletion of C and maintaining SOC at equilibrium in the semi-arid Vertisols of western India.Not Availabl