COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ATTRIBUTES OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS FROM LEAF, BARK, ROOT AND INFLORESCENCE OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM BURM.

This paper describes the antibacterial and antifungal activities and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of different solvent (pet. ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water) extracts of leaves, bark, root and inflorescence of Memecylon umbellatum burm. The percent yields from leaves, bark, root and inflorescence was found to be 0.2062 to 2.836, 0.0601 to 0.5142, 0.050 to 1.425, 0.0210 to 0.717 respectively. Overall, acetone extract produced from the leaves exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibacterial activity along with superior antifungal activity. MIC for acetone and ethyl acetate extract of leaf was found to be 0.5 mg for the entire organisms compared to 3-15 mg for other extracts. Such study will explore pharmacological activity of the tested parts of Memecylon umbellatum burm especially, the leaves which might be valuable for therapeutic applications

A Validated RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Telmisartan In Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

A RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the estimation of telmisartan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. A RP-HPLC isocratic separation was achieved on C18 column (250.6 mm i.d., 5m) utilizing a mobile phase comprising of methanol and acetonitrile in the ratio of 90: 10(v/v) and the eluents from the column were detected using a variable wavelength detector at 237nm. The proposed method has permitted the quantification of telmisartan in the linearity range of 20-100g/ml and the flow rate was maintained at 1ml/min. The column was maintained at ambient temperature and the complete separation was achieved for telmisartan in an overall analytical run time of approximately 10 minutes. The retention time of telmisartan was found to be 3.3 minutes. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 2.82 and 8.54 ?g/ml, respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be in between 87.3 to 103.18%. The method was found to be suitable for the routine quality control analysis of telmisartan in bulk drug and formulation. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines

STERILE PARENTERAL PRODUCTS: A NARRATIVE APPROACH

One of the first group’s toaddress these patient safety issues was the NationalCoordinating Committee on Large Volume Parenteral (NCCLVP). Parenteral medications are products which are introduced in a manner which circumvents the body’s most protective barriers, the skin and mucous membranes, and, therefore, must be “essentially†free of biological contamination.  Most are injected or placed into the body tissues and do not pass thru the liver before entering the bloodstream. This can include injections, topical and inhalation routes. Generally in pharmacy, parenteral refers to injection and the topical and inhalation routes are separated into their own routes of administration. NCCLVP was established by the US Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., and subsequently developedand recommended standards of practice for the preparation, labeling, and quality assurance of hospital pharmacyadmixture services. Parenteral administration of drug is often critical and associated with problems such as limited number of acceptable excipients, stringent requirements of aseptic production process, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. Still this route maintains its value due to special advantages like quicker onset of action in case of emergency; target the drug quickly to desired site of action, prevention of first pass metabolism etc. This review highlightsformulation of parenteral product and advanced techniques involved in parenteral products.   Keywords: NCCLVP, LVP, Aseptic area, GMP etc

A overview: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and mechanisms

The inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: Reddening of the localized area, swelling, pain and elevated temperature. Reddening results from capillary dialation that allows more blood to flow to the damaged tissue. Elevated temperature results from capillary dialation which permits increased blood flow through these vessels, with associated high metabolic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The release of histamine from mast cells during antigen antibody reactions is well known, as is its involvement in the inflammatory response to skin injury. The present review focused on list and precautions of NSAID with its typed and classification, Analgesic activity study, histamine

Phytochemical screening and In Vitro Antioxidant potential of Memecylon umbellatum Burm leaf extracts

Objective: Different dry extracts of Memecylon umbellatum Burm leaf obtained by various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and chloroform water (IP) was screened to reap the benefits of its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidants. Methods: The in vitro free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical method using various concentrations of dry extract in distilled water (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20 μg/ml) against blank with ascorbic acid as a standard in same concentrations. Results: Among the all extracts, Methanol leaf extract has showed higher Antioxidant activity (84.65 ± 0.064 %) having IC50 Value 11.81 ± 0.033 μg/ml at 20 μg/ml. While, IC50 value for ascorbic acid was found to be 8.91 ± 0.084 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that Methanol leaf extract of Memecylon umbellatum is effective in free radical scavenging. So in future, this may emerge as promising natural herbal source of powerful antioxidant. Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, DPPH reagent, Antioxidant activity, Ascorbic acid, IC50

Implementing Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Layers and Metal-Incorporated CsPbI2Br for Stable All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Mixed-halide CsPbI2Br perovskite is promising for efficient and thermally stable all-inorganic solar cells; however, the use of conventional antisolvent methods and additives-based hole-transporting layers (HTLs) currently hampers progress. Here, we have employed hot-air-assisted perovskite deposition in ambient condition to obtain high-quality photoactive CsPbI2Br perovskite films and have extended stable device operation using metal cation doping and dopant-free hole-transporting materials. Density functional theory calculations are used to study the structural and optoelectronic properties of the CsPbI2Br perovskite when it is doped with metal cations Eu2+ and In3+. We experimentally incorporated Eu2+ and In3+ metal ions into CsPbI2Br films and applied dopant-free copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based materials as low-cost hole transporting layers, leading to record-high power conversion efficiencies of 15.27% and 15.69%, respectively, and a retention of >95% of the initial efficiency over 1600 h at 85 °C thermal stress

Implementing dopant-free hole-transporting layers and metal-incorporated CsPbI2Br for stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

Mixed-halide CsPbI2Br perovskite is promising for efficient and thermally stable all-inorganic solar cells; however, the use of conventional antisolvent methods and additives-based hole-transporting layers (HTLs) currently hampers progress. Here, we have employed hot-air-assisted perovskite deposition in ambient condition to obtain high-quality photoactive CsPbI2Br perovskite films and have extended stable device operation using metal cation doping and dopant-free hole-transporting materials. Density functional theory calculations are used to study the structural and optoelectronic properties of the CsPbI2Br perovskite when it is doped with metal cations Eu2+ and In3+. We experimentally incorporated Eu2+ and In3+ metal ions into CsPbI2Br films and applied dopant-free copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based materials as low-cost hole transporting layers, leading to record-high power conversion efficiencies of 15.27% and 15.69%, respectively, and a retention of >95% of the initial efficiency over 1600 h at 85 °C thermal stress

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF WHEEL HUB

Wheel hub assembly uses various methodologiesfor analysis of MahindraTUV wheel hub and upright assembly. Our primary aim is to carry outanalysisand optimizationofthe forces appliedon the vehicleassemblystructure.This review will help researchersworking in the field of development of the structural design, analysis and mass reduction of vehicle through optimization methodsconducted by FEA softwareand Catia V5 and Ansys (Workbench 16).Stationaryload and fatigue load simulation by Ansys software and analysis is done by usingthis method in FEA Software

Design And Analysis Of Wheel Hub

Wheel hub assembly uses various methodologiesfor analysis of MahindraTUV wheel hub and upright assembly. Our primary aim is to carry outanalysisand optimizationofthe forces appliedon the vehicleassemblystructure.This review will help researchersworking in the field of development of the structural design, analysis and mass reduction of vehicle through optimization methodsconducted by FEA softwareand Catia V5 and Ansys (Workbench 16).Stationaryload and fatigue load simulation by Ansys software and analysis is done by usingthis method in FEA Software

MIX DESIGN OF HMA AND CMA FOR POTHOLE REPAIRS

Development of potholes on flexible pavements is very common phenomena during monsoon and after monsoon in India. Problems of road distresses, especially problems of potholes on flexible pavements are becoming more dangerous for users. Potholes are not only cause for road accidents but also they are creating discomfort to passengers. Generally hot mix is used by government for patch work of potholes. But in rainy season hot mix plants are closed, so hot bituminous mix is not available for filling of potholes. Also considering heating temperature required for hot mix which is around 1800C, there is a big problem of environmental pollution. Generally people use conventional methods like murum filling or aggregate filling etc, but these methods provide temporary convenience for passengers and after some time again potholes are formed. Various readymade patching materials are also available in market for patching works, but considering costs, they are uneconomical. In this study the approach is made towards new cold mix which can be used in rainy season also for patching works. The aim of the study is to prepare a economical cold patching mix which can be used for patching works at normal temperatures. Road survey is carried out for classification of potholes based on their actual dimensions to decide upon sizes of precast Hot Mix Asphalt blocks