5 research outputs found

    INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES BASED ON FRUIT DISTILLATES

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    One of the promising raw materials types for alcoholic beverages production, which have a peculiar aroma and taste, is the ashberry (red), widespread throughout the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to develop an innovative technology for alcoholic beverages from the red ashberry based on the study of the raw materials biochemical composition transformation during its processing, maceration, fermentation, distillation, as well as its effect on the volatile components composition of distillate and the processing conditions of the finished alcoholic beverage. Fermented pulp of red ashberry, distillates and alcoholic beverage blends from ashberry were used as objects of the study. To determine the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators in the work, standardized analysis methods and certified methods were used. The effect of various yeast races and fermentation conditions on the change in biochemical composition of the red ashberry pulp was studied. For this raw material type fermentation, recommended Siha 3 yeast race. The positive effect of the Vitamon Combi fermentation activator on the fermentation efficiency and the formation of qualitative characteristics of the fermented pulp, including its amino acid composition, is shown. It was established that the optimal conditions for fermentation is the anaerobic regimen at a temperature of no higher than 22 ΒΊΠ‘. The effect of fractional distillation operating parameters in a direct distillation unit on the volatile components’ composition and concentration in ashberry distillate is studied. It is recommended to obtain a high-quality distillate to carry out the selection of the head fraction in the amount of 2.5% of the distilled pulp volume, and the selection of the tail fraction to start when the strength in distillate reaches 45% vol. It is shown that within 30 days of exposure in the distillate, a certain chemical equilibrium is achieved and its taste and aromatic characteristics are harmonized. The blending conditions of the alcoholic beverage are determined and the technological processing modes are established to ensure its high consumer properties. The conducted studies have allowed to develop innovative technology for a new alcoholic beverage from red ashberry.One of the promising raw materials types for alcoholic beverages production, which have a peculiar aroma and taste, is the ashberry (red), widespread throughout the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to develop an innovative technology for alcoholic beverages from the red ashberry based on the study of the raw materials biochemical composition transformation during its processing, maceration, fermentation, distillation, as well as its effect on the volatile components composition of distillate and the processing conditions of the finished alcoholic beverage. Fermented pulp of red ashberry, distillates and alcoholic beverage blends from ashberry were used as objects of the study. To determine the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators in the work, standardized analysis methods and certified methods were used. The effect of various yeast races and fermentation conditions on the change in biochemical composition of the red ashberry pulp was studied. For this raw material type fermentation, recommended Siha 3 yeast race. The positive effect of the Vitamon Combi fermentation activator on the fermentation efficiency and the formation of qualitative characteristics of the fermented pulp, including its amino acid composition, is shown. It was established that the optimal conditions for fermentation is the anaerobic regimen at a temperature of no higher than 22 ΒΊΠ‘. The effect of fractional distillation operating parameters in a direct distillation unit on the volatile components’ composition and concentration in ashberry distillate is studied. It is recommended to obtain a high-quality distillate to carry out the selection of the head fraction in the amount of 2.5% of the distilled pulp volume, and the selection of the tail fraction to start when the strength in distillate reaches 45% vol. It is shown that within 30 days of exposure in the distillate, a certain chemical equilibrium is achieved and its taste and aromatic characteristics are harmonized. The blending conditions of the alcoholic beverage are determined and the technological processing modes are established to ensure its high consumer properties. The conducted studies have allowed to develop innovative technology for a new alcoholic beverage from red ashberry

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· косточкового ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ

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    The need to develop identification criteria for fruit brandy is connected with the prevention of the sale of counterfeit products on the Russian alcohol market. Due to the variety of factors affecting the final product, the solution to this problem requires the use of a methodology based on an integrated approach. The work is devoted to its first stage β€” the assessment of the influence of the biochemical composition of fruit stone raw materials, as well as various technological factors on the formation of essential (identification) characteristics of products. Fresh fruits of apricots, cherry plums, cherries, dogwood and plums, as well as samples of fermented raw materials were used as objects of research. The biochemical composition of fresh fruits was assessed by the content of sugars, free organic acids, amino acids and pectin substances. It has been found that the values of all main indicators of the biochemical composition varied widely in the samples of initial raw materials. At the same time, significant differences were noted between the types of fruit raw materials in the content of free amino acids (dogwood, cherry plum up to 0.08% and 0.12%, respectively; cherry, plum and apricot up to 0.19–0.30%) and pectin substances (cherry, apricot up to 0.6–0.8%; cherry plum, dogwood, plum up to 1.2–1.3%). The following factors were studied in the work as technological factors: a method of primary processing of raw materials (obtaining pulp or juice extraction); a maceration method β€” without enzyme preparations and with treatment with enzyme preparations; a fermentation method β€” without fermentation activators and using fermentation activators. It has been established that the method for primary processing of raw materials affects the concentration of methanol, esters and higher alcohols in fermented raw materials. The use of fermentation activators contributes to an increase in the concentration of higher alcohols and esters in them by almost 2 times, and the use of individual complex enzyme preparations β€” by 16% and 80%, respectively. It has been shown that the methodology for developing identification criteria for fruit vodkas at the first stage should include an assessment of the physico-chemical composition of initial raw materials and individual technological factors at the stage of preparing them for distillation.ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ связана с Β ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° российском алкогольном Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ΅. Π’  связи с Β ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚, для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ трСбуСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, основанной Π½Π° комплСксном ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° посвящСна Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ этапу β€” ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ влияния биохимичСского состава ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ косточкового ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСхнологичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сущСствСнных (ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ качСствС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² исслСдования использовали свСТиС ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ абрикосов, Π°Π»Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈ, вишни, ΠΊΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ сливы, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ сброТСнного ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° биохимичСского состава свСТих ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡŽ сахаров, свободных органичСских кислот, аминокислот ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… исходного ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ значСния всСх основных ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ биохимичСского состава Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ…. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ сущСствСнныС различия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ Π² содСрТании свободных аминокислот (ΠΊΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ», Π°Π»Ρ‹Ρ‡Π° β€” Π΄ΠΎ 0,08% ΠΈ 0,12% соотвСтствСнно; вишня, слива ΠΈ абрикос β€” Π΄ΠΎ 0,19–0,30%) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств (вишня, абрикос β€” Π΄ΠΎ 0,6–0,8%; Π°Π»Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°, ΠΊΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ», слива β€” Π΄ΠΎ 1,2–1,3%). Π’ качСствС тСхнологичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹: способ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сока); способ ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ β€” Π±Π΅Π· Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ; способ сбраТивания β€” Π±Π΅Π· Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² броТСния ΠΈ с использованиСм Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² броТСния. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ способ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ влияСт Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°, слоТных эфиров ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠΈΡ… спиртов Π² сброТСнном ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅. ИспользованиС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² броТСния способствуСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠΈΡ… спиртов ΠΈ слоТных эфиров ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² 2 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… комплСксных Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² β€” Π½Π° 16% ΠΈ 80% соотвСтствСнно. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ мСтодология Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ этапС Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСского состава исходного ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСхнологичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° стадии ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ дистилляции

    Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ (Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 1. Бпособы ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ)

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    TheΒ  development of reliable identification criteria for variousΒ  types of foods,Β  including fruitΒ  vodkas,Β  is oneΒ  of the top-priority directions of scientific research in the field of quality control. The review examines different approaches to solution to a problem of searching identification criteria for fruit vodkas that will allow differentiating products by a type of fruitΒ  raw materials, their gradeΒ  and region of origin.Β  To thisΒ  end, instrumental methods of analysis were used, including spectral, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled to massΒ  spectrometry (GC–MS) as theΒ  mainΒ  method. WhenΒ  detecting minorΒ  aroma-forming substances usingΒ  theΒ  latter method, it is necessary, firstΒ  of all, toΒ  carryΒ  outΒ  theΒ  specialΒ  sample preparation that includes extraction andΒ  concentration of target substances. TheΒ  present reviewΒ  examines three mainΒ  types of sample preparation (liquidΒ  extraction, solid-phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction) andΒ  modifications of these methods. TheirΒ  comparative analysis was carried outΒ  withΒ  respect toΒ  laborΒ  intensity, extraction effectiveness, volatile aroma-forming compounds significantly different by polarity, reproducibility andΒ  sustainability. It has beenΒ  shownΒ  that a type of sample preparation affectsΒ  reproducibility and sensitivity of an instrumental analytic method, which is especially important for identification of someΒ  minorΒ  compounds, which concentration can be regarded as indicators for identification of fruitΒ  raw materials. It has beenΒ  concluded that amongΒ  theΒ  examined methods of sample preparation, the mostΒ  promising for the development of identification criteria for fruit vodkas is headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) as thisΒ  method is highlyΒ  effective in terms of extraction of target components including minor.Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² для  Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β  ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС  ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ,Β  являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Π² области контроля качСства. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ поиска ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² для  ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ,Β  ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΒ  Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ сорту ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρƒ происхоТдСния. Π‘ этой  Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽΒ  использовались ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅, высокоэффСктивная Тидкостная хроматография (Π’Π­Π–Π₯) ΠΈ газовая хроматография Π² сочСтании с масс-спСктромСтриСй (Π“Π₯β€“ΠœΠ‘) Π² качСствС основного ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ использовании послСднСго, Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽΒ  ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ для обнаруТСния ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… соСдинСний, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств. Π’ настоящСм ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ рассмотрСны 3 основных Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ (Тидкостная экстракция, твСрдофазная экстракция, свСрхкритичСская Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ экстракция) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ… ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΒ  зрСния трудоСмкости, эффСктивности  выдСлСния, Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ полярности Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ…Β  Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², воспроизводимости ΠΈ экологичности. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Β  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ влияСт Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ особСнно Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ  ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ для  ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Β  Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ,Β  Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ  срСди  рассмотрСнных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ пСрспСктивным ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ являСтся твСрдофазная экстракция ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹Β  (HS-SPME), Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ этот ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ высокой ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ извлСчСния Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

    Научно-практичСскиС аспСкты ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ биохимичСского состава ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ для производства Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… дистиллятов

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    Quality characteristics of spirit drinks based on fruit distillates are formed mainly due to the concentration and the ratio of aroma-forming volatile components, part of which is transferred to a product from the initial raw materials. Analysis of data on the biochemical composition of the individual types of stone raw materials makes it possible to substantiate scientifically the regime parameters of the individual production stages and allows revealing adulteration. The present review considers questions concerning the search of chemical markers for fruit vodkas made on the basis of distillates from plum, cherry plum, cherry, sweet cherry, apricot and peach. The data are presented on the content of reducing sugars, titratable acidity, free amino acids, pH and sugar-acid index of the fruit raw materials under consideration. Significant variations of these indices depending on a raw material type and region of cultivation are shown. The questions of evaluation of the pectin complex in the individual types of stone raw materials are considered. The scheme of hydrolysis of pectin substances of fruit raw materials occurring at the stage of its preparation for distillation is presented. An important role of this process in formation of quality characteristics of fruit distillates and spirit drinks on their basis (fruit vodkas) is shown. The data on the composition and concentration of aroma-forming volatile components of individual types of stone raw materials are given. The data on the main physico-chemical characteristics of aroma-forming volatile components found in the fresh fruit types under consideration and methods for their analysis are presented. The generalized estimation of technological peculiarities of preparation of individual types of fruit raw materials for fermentation and distillation depending on their biochemical composition is given. In general, analysis of the data presented in this review allowed making a conclusion about prospects of investigations aimed to the development of identification indices of fruit distillates and fruit vodkas using the primary aroma-forming volatile components of raw materials.ΠšΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики спиртных Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… дистиллятов Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ в основном Π·Π° счСт ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π²Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ ΠΈΠ· исходного ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ. Анализ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ биохимичСскому составу ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² косточкового ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стадий производства, Π°Β Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ позволяСт Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ случаи Ρ„Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Β Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ вопросы, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ поиска химичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² для ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° основС дистиллятов ΠΈΠ· сливы, Π°Π»Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈ, вишни, Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈ, абрикоса и пСрсика. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… сахаров, Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ кислотности, свободных аминокислот, рН ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎ сахарокислотному индСксу рассматриваСмого Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Ρ‹ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ этих ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ в зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ ΠΈΒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. РассмотрСны вопросы ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² косточкового ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° схСма Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ, проходящСго Π½Π° стадии Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ к дистилляции. Показана ваТная Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ этого процСсса Π²Β Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ качСствСнных характСристик Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… дистиллятов и спиртных Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… основС (ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ составу ΠΈΒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² косточкового ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ основным Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСским характСристикам Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… в рассматриваСмых Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ… свСТих Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², и способам ΠΈΡ… исслСдования. Π”Π°Π½Π° обобщСнная ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° тСхнологичСских особСнностСй ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ ΠΊΒ ΡΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ и дистилляции в зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ биохимичСского состава. Π’Β Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, прСдставлСнных в настоящСм ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ о пСрспСктивности исслСдований, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… дистиллятов ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ с использованиСм ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ
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