Influence of the sodium fluoride on the development and survival of the loach embryos

Background: The study of fluoride effects at the cellular level is still essential for biophysics, medicine, and ecology as one of the most common environmental pollutants. Its impact on embryonic objects is poorly understood. Objectives: The aim of the work was: 1) to study the effect of sodium fluoride (in the minimum concentration to inhibit growth) on the morphological development of loaсh embryos; 2) evaluation of the degree of survival of embryos in the presence of sodium fluoride in the incubation medium and determination of the coefficient Ks. Materials and methods: Ovulation in loach females (Misgurnus fossilis L.) was stimulated by intramuscular injection of female chorionic gonadotropin (500 units), eggs were obtained by 36 h after stimulation, fertilized in Petri dishes with a suspension of sperm according to Neifach A. A. The stages of development were observed visually used a binocular microscope MBS-9 with a photo camera. The experimental embryos were incubated in Goltfreter's solution with the addition of sodium fluoride to a final minimum concentration to inhibit growth of 500 μmol/l. Results: Sodium fluoride inhibits the development of loach embryos and leads to developmental defects. The noticeable developmental defects caused by sodium fluoride were a reduction in the size of the larvae's head and tail, low body pigmentation, changes in the eye diameter, and embryonic touch reflex. As a result of the accumulation of fluoride in embryonic cells, on the third day of development, embryonic mortality increased to 88,9%. On 12 days under the action of sodium fluoride, the total number of larvae was about 2%. Conclusions: The ability of NaF to act as a direct teratogen was tested on the cold-blooded embryo model, the same effect was found by other investigators on the FETAX model. The possibility that sodium fluoride may cause toxic and/or neuromuscular developmental defects in human embryos also should be considered. Avoiding excessive getting of fluoride in the body by limiting the consumption of foods or beverages high in fluoride, the use of fluoride in dental care products, etc. requires detailed assessment

Quercetin and histamine effects on free radical reactions in rat erythrocytes

The effects of quercetin and histamine separately or in combination on the free radical state of rat erythrocytes were estimated in vitro. Quercetin (0.1; 0.5; 3.0; 5.0 mM) or histamine (0.01; 10.0 μM) were added to whole blood separately or in combination. The content of hydroperoxides, TBA-active products and carbonyl groups of proteins in erythrocytes after hemolysis was determined. The greatest influence of quercetin and histamine on erythrocytes state indicators was revealed under their combined action, when the level of TBA-active products and the content of carbonyl groups of proteins were found to be increased substantially

Processes of lipopero­xidation and respiration of mitochondria in rat liver under the action of thiazoles derivatives in vitro

One of the main problems of chemotherapy is development of negative side effects, when anti-tumor drugs damage healthy cells, in particular hepatocytes. Liver is the main detoxifying organ in human and animals. This organ plays an important role in the excretion of drugs from the body. Changes in free radical oxidation processes and respiratory function of mitochondria in liver cells following the effects of newly synthesized antitumor agents may indicate adverse side effects that often occur after taking such substances. It was shown that thiazole derivatives passess anti-neoplastic activity against cancer cells in vitro. The influence in vitro of newly synthesized derivatives of thiazoles (N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide and 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[tri­fluoro­methyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one) in concentarion of 1, 10 and 50 mM on lipid peroxidation processes in hepatocyte membranes, respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria was studied. The effects of these substances did not reveal changes in the products of the primary peroxide lipid oxidation, and the content of secondary products was significantly reduced. Such results may indicate that the studied substances might to interact with the active forms of Oxygen, while the antioxidant defense system was not changed. These results may also indirectly indicate that the thiazole derivatives not only do not activate, but also decrease the formation of peroxide oxidation products. The processes of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria practically did not change due to the influence of the studied thiazole derivatives. The only exceptions when energy changes were observed at using high doses (50 mM) of substances with nonselective effects. Since the studied thiazole derivatives, as shown earlier, exhibit high cytotoxicity to cancer cells, these substances can be applied as antitumor drugs with minimal negative side effects

Content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in loach embryos under the effect of flurenizyd

The effect of flurenizide (antibiotic of antimicrobial, antituberculousis, antichlamy­dia, immunomodulator, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antiviral action) on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes of embryos Misgurnus fossilis L. at the stage of 2, 16, 64, 256 and 1024 blastomeres was investigated. Flurenizide in all studied concentrations (0.01; 0.05; 0.15; 1; 5; 15 mM) caused increase in content of lipid peroxidation primary products (hydroperoxides) during development of embryos but decrease on stage 256 blastomeres. The content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation (TBA-positive products) increased during the development of embryos under the effect of antibiotic in concentration of 0.01÷1 mM, and decreased at the concentration 15 mM. It was found that loach embryos were the most sensitive to flurenizide at the stage of 16 blastomeres when the content of hydroperoxides is the maximum. The less sensitive stage of development of germ cells to the exogenous factors was 256 blastomeres

Nа+, K+-ATPase activity of loach embryos membranes during early embryogenesis under the influence of sodium hypochlorite

The paper contains data regarding the influence of sodium hypochlorite on the activity of embryos membrane Na+, K+-ATP-ase of loach Misgurnus fossilis L. in early stages of the development. We showed that sodium hypochlorite added to the medium where the embryos develop, caused dose-dependent inhibition of the membranes Na+, K+-ATP-ase activity. We suggested that effects of sodium hypochlorite were due to oxidizing properties and its ability to disrupt membrane integrity, in particular, damaging proteins and lipids

Prooxidant and antioxidant processes in lymphoma cells under the action of pyrazolopyrimidine derivative

Background. The influence in vitro of thiazole derivative 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoro­methyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (PP2) on the level of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide anion radical and antioxidant system activity in lymphoma cells was studied. A pronounced cytotoxic action of the thiazole derivative on the tumor cells in vitro was reported earlier, however, no cytotoxicity of this substance was detected toward non-cancerous cells. In addition, it was shown that the sca­vengers of active forms of Oxygen significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of the studied compound. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoromethyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one on the content of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide radical and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense in the lymphoma cells. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were passaged by the intreperitoneal inoculation to mice. Abdominal drainage with ascites was performed with a sterile syringe under ether anesthesia. PP2 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. The product content and enzymatic activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis of obtained results was carried out using MS Excel-2013 program. Results. The influence of the pyrazolopyrimidine derivative on the content of lipid peroxidation products and superoxide radical in lymphoma cells was investigated. It was found that the studied compound did not change the amount of the primary lipid peroxidation products, but reduced the amount of secondary products. A decrease in the MDA content under the action of the studied derivative indicates probable interaction of the substance with the reactive Oxygen species. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative did not change the level of the superoxide radical. The effect of the thiazole derivative on the activity of key enzymes of the antioxidant system in lymphoma cells was investigated. The studied compound at the concentration of 10 µM activated superoxide dismutase. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative decreased the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Such changes in the activity of enzymes can cause the growth of hydrogen peroxide in the cell, which is toxic in large quantities. Conclusions. The obtained results may indicate that the studied pyrazolopyrimidine derivative can realize its cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells though the action on the pro­ducts of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system activity. These data can be used to understand the mechanism of action of the studied compounds and for further improvement of their antitumor effect

Activity of key enzymes of antioxidant system in rat blood plasma under the effect of histamine and sodium hypochlorite

The effects of histamine in 1 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg doses that correspond to the doses causing pathological effects at experimental conditions and of sodium hypochlorite in 5 mg/l dose – the lowest concentration of sodium hypochlorite that affects a body by oral administration, on the key enzymes of blood plasma antioxidant system were studied. It was found that histamine used in both concentrations intensified superoxide dismutase activity for 14 days. The simultaneous injections of histamine and sodium hypochlorite caused significant activation of superoxide dismutase in rats. Sodium hypochlorite received by rats with drinking solution caused the same effect. The catalase activity of blood plasma was not significantly affected by histamine, and its activity was significantly increased only under the influence of biogenic amine in 1 mg/kg dose on the 7th day of the experiment. Sodium hypochlorite caused a decline in catalase activity both in intact animals and in animals that received histamine injections subcutaneously. The injection of histamine in 1 mg/kg dose caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity on the 1st and 7th day of the experiment. Histamine in 8 mg/kg dose caused the intensification of glutathione peroxidase activity only on the 1st day, followed by the inhibition on the 14th day of the experiment. Sodium hypochlorite received by rats with drin­king solution led to general lowering of glutathione peroxydase activity in blood plasma