Hymenophyllum fucoides (Sw.) Sw.

Honduras, Francisco Morazan, Jutiapa. LAT (14°11'27' ); LONG ( 87°07'55' ); ALT (). "Helecho epipétrico 5 cm. Sendero La Esperanza, Bosque Húmedo, Jutiapa.

TRAMIL Central America News Bulletin

Spanish version available in IDRC Digital Library: TRAMIL - Centroamérica : boletín informativo, marzo 199

Centre for Anthropological Studies

THE PURPOSES AND TEACHING OF APPLIED ETHNOBOTANY The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations for the teaching of Applied Ethnobotany - which is Ethnobotany applied to conservation and sustainable development. There are several fundamental reasons for applying the approaches and methods of Applied Ethnobotany for these purposes. First, they allow the knowledge, wisdom and practices of local people to play fuller roles in identifying and finding solutions to problems of conservation and sustainable development. Second, local people are fully involved in investigations, so that there is a better chance of `buy in'. Third, realistic case-studies of ways of balancing conservation with use become available, which is valuable for informing the development of realistic national policies. Over 100 people - many practising ethnobotanists or educators - have been consulted, partly through special workshops or studies undertaken for this purpose. They have been in China, the Dominican Republic (covering eight Latin American countries), Ethiopia, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Tanzania and Uganda

Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype

Since their discovery in patients with autosomal dominant (AD) chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in 2011, heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations have increasingly been identified worldwide. The clinical spectrum associated with them needed to be delineated. We enrolled 274 patients from 167 kindreds originating from 40 countries from 5 continents. Demographic data, clinical features, immunological parameters, treatment, and outcome were recorded. The median age of the 274 patients was 22 years (range, 1-71 years); 98% of them had CMC, with a median age at onset of 1 year (range, 0-24 years). Patients often displayed bacterial (74%) infections, mostly because of Staphylococcus aureus (36%), including the respiratory tract and the skin in 47% and 28% of patients, respectively, and viral (38%) infections, mostly because of Herpesviridae (83%) and affecting the skin in 32% of patients. Invasive fungal infections (10%), mostly caused by Candida spp. (29%), and mycobacterial disease (6%) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, environmental mycobacteria, or Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines were less common. Many patients had autoimmune manifestations (37%), including hypothyroidism (22%), type 1 diabetes (4%), blood cytopenia (4%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (2%). Invasive infections (25%), cerebral aneurysms (6%), and cancers (6%) were the strongest predictors of poor outcome. CMC persisted in 39% of the 202 patients receiving prolonged antifungal treatment. Circulating interleukin-17A-producing T-cell count was low for most (82%) but not all of the patients tested. STAT1 GOF mutations underlie AD CMC, as well as an unexpectedly wide range of other clinical features, including not only a variety of infectious and autoimmune diseases, but also cerebral aneurysms and carcinomas that confer a poor prognosis