The Auxiliary Field Method in Quantum Mechanical Four-Fermi Models -- A Study Toward Chiral Condensation in QED

A study for checking validity of the auxiliary field method (AFM) is made in quantum mechanical four-fermi models which act as a prototype of models for chiral symmetry breaking in Quantum Electrodynamics. It has been shown that AFM, defined by an insertion of Gaussian identity to path integral formulas and by the loop expansion, becomes more accurate when taking higher order terms into account under the bosonic model with a quartic coupling in 0- and 1-dimensions as well as the model with a four-fermi interaction in 0-dimension. The case is also confirmed in terms of two models with the four-fermi interaction among $N$ species in 1-dimension (the quantum mechanical four-fermi models): higher order corrections lead us toward the exact energy of the ground state. It is found that the second model belongs to a WKB-exact class that has no higher order corrections other than the lowest correction. Discussions are also made for unreliability on the continuous time representation of path integration and for a new model of QED as a suitable probe for chiral symmetry breaking.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figure

Coherent states, Path integral, and Semiclassical approximation

Using the generalized coherent states we argue that the path integral formulae for $SU(2)$ and $SU(1,1)$ (in the discrete series) are WKB exact,if the starting point is expressed as the trace of $e^{-iT\hat H}$ with $\hat H$ being given by a linear combination of generators. In our case,WKB approximation is achieved by taking a large ``spin'' limit: $J,K\rightarrow \infty$. The result is obtained directly by knowing that the each coefficient vanishes under the $J^{-1}$($K^{-1}$) expansion and is examined by another method to be legitimated. We also point out that the discretized form of path integral is indispensable, in other words, the continuum path integral expression leads us to a wrong result. Therefore a great care must be taken when some geometrical action would be adopted, even if it is so beautiful, as the starting ingredient of path integral.Comment: latex 33 pages and 2 figures(uuencoded postscript file), KYUSHU-HET-19 We have corrected the proof of the WKB-exactness in the section

Phase diagram in the imaginary chemical potential region and extended Z3 symmetry

Phase transitions in the imaginary chemical potential region are studied by the Polyakov loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model that possesses the extended Z3 symmetry. The extended Z3 invariant quantities such as the partition function, the chiral condensate and the modifed Polyakov loop have the Roberge-Weiss (RW) periodicity. There appear four types of phase transitions; deconfinement, chiral, Polykov-loop RW and chiral RW transitions. The orders of the chiral and deconfinement transitions depend on the presence or absence of current quark mass, but those of the Polykov-loop RW and chiral RW transitions do not. The scalar-type eightquark interaction newly added in the model makes the chiral transition line shift to the vicinity of the deconfiment transition line.Comment: 22 pages,17 figure

A New Symmetric Expression of Weyl Ordering

For the creation operator \adag and the annihilation operator $a$ of a harmonic oscillator, we consider Weyl ordering expression of (\adag a)^n and obtain a new symmetric expression of Weyl ordering w.r.t. \adag a \equiv N and a\adag =N+1 where $N$ is the number operator. Moreover, we interpret intertwining formulas of various orderings in view of the difference theory. Then we find that the noncommutative parameter corresponds to the increment of the difference operator w.r.t. variable $N$. Therefore, quantum (noncommutative) calculations of harmonic oscillators are done by classical (commutative) ones of the number operator by using the difference theory. As a by-product, nontrivial relations including the Stirling number of the first kind are also obtained.Comment: 15 pages, Latex2e, the title before replacement is "Orderings of Operators in Quantum Physics", new proofs by using a difference operator added, some references added, to appear in Modern Physics Letters

Critical endpoint for deconfinement in matrix and other effective models

We consider the position of the deconfining critical endpoint, where the first order transition for deconfinement is washed out by the presence of massive, dynamical quarks. We use an effective matrix model, employed previously to analyze the transition in the pure glue theory. If the param- eters of the pure glue theory are unaffected by the presence of dynamical quarks, and if the quarks only contribute perturbatively, then for three colors and three degenerate quark flavors this quark mass is very heavy, m_de \sim 2.5 GeV, while the critical temperature, T_de, barely changes, \sim 1% below that in the pure glue theory. The location of the deconfining critical endpoint is a sensitive test to differentiate between effective models. For example, models with a logarithmic potential for the Polyakov loop give much smaller values of the quark mass, m_de \sim 1 GeV, and a large shift in T_de \sim 10% lower than that in the pure glue theory.Comment: 16 pages; 3 figure