Realistic potential distribution calculation of variable energy cyclotron (VEC) central region

36-40For acceleration of high charge slate heavy ion beam, a major modification has been done in the cyclotron central region. For centering and proper acceleration of beam, it is required to know the potential distribution in and around the median plane. It has been calculated using RELAX3D Code. Potential obtained has been used for understanding the beam behaviour in the cyclotron

BEAM EXTRACTION SYSTEM AND EXTERNAL BEAM LINE OF KOLKATA SUPERCONDUCTING CYCLOTRON

All the major components of the extraction system of the Kolkata superconducting cyclotron are installed and functional. It includes the Electrostatic deflectors, magnetic channels, M9 slit etc. Internal beam acceleration has already been done successfully and now we are on the verge of extracting and transporting the beam to the cave. The external beam transport system has been designed comprising of quadrupole magnets, steering magnets, switching magnets, beam diagnostics etc. One of the four beam lines has been installed, which extends 20 meters up to the experimental cave-1. Control and monitoring system for all these components have been developed and tested. All the beam dynamical and technical aspects of the beam extraction and beam transportation have been discussed.IMP;Chinese Academy of Science

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Not AvailableSuccessful purification of multiple viruses from mixed infections remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) mixed infection in goats. Rather than in a single cell type, cytopathic effect (CPE) of the virus was observed in cocultured Vero/BHK-21 cells at 6th blind passage (BP). PPRV, but not FMDV could be purified from the virus mixture by plaque assay. Viral RNA (mixture) transfection in BHK-21 cells produced FMDV but not PPRV virions, a strategy which we have successfully employed for the first time to eliminate the negative-stranded RNA virus from the virus mixture. FMDV phenotypes, such as replication competent but noncytolytic, cytolytic but defective in plaque formation and, cytolytic but defective in both plaque formation and standard FMDV genome were observed respectively, at passage level BP8, BP15 and BP19 and hence complicated virus isolation in the cell culture system. Mixed infection was not found to induce any significant antigenic and genetic diversity in both PPRV and FMDV. Further, we for the first time demonstrated the viral interference between PPRV and FMDV. Prior transfection of PPRV RNA, but not Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and rotavirus RNA resulted in reduced FMDV replication in BHK-21 cells suggesting that the PPRV RNAinduced interference was specifically directed against FMDV. On long-termcoinfection of some acute pathogenic viruses (all possible combinations of PPRV, FMDV, NDV and buffalopox virus) in Vero cells, inmost cases, one of the coinfecting viruses was excluded at passage level 5 suggesting that the long-term coinfection may modify viral persistence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented evidence describing a natural mixed infection of FMDV and PPRV. The study not only provides simple and reliable methodologies for isolation and purification of two epidemiologically and economically important groups of viruses, but could also help in establishing better guidelines for trading animals that could transmit further infections and epidemics in disease free nations.Not Availabl

Complexities in Isolation and Purification of Multiple Viruses from Mixed Viral Infections: Viral Interference, Persistence and Exclusion.

Successful purification of multiple viruses from mixed infections remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) mixed infection in goats. Rather than in a single cell type, cytopathic effect (CPE) of the virus was observed in cocultured Vero/BHK-21 cells at 6th blind passage (BP). PPRV, but not FMDV could be purified from the virus mixture by plaque assay. Viral RNA (mixture) transfection in BHK-21 cells produced FMDV but not PPRV virions, a strategy which we have successfully employed for the first time to eliminate the negative-stranded RNA virus from the virus mixture. FMDV phenotypes, such as replication competent but noncytolytic, cytolytic but defective in plaque formation and, cytolytic but defective in both plaque formation and standard FMDV genome were observed respectively, at passage level BP8, BP15 and BP19 and hence complicated virus isolation in the cell culture system. Mixed infection was not found to induce any significant antigenic and genetic diversity in both PPRV and FMDV. Further, we for the first time demonstrated the viral interference between PPRV and FMDV. Prior transfection of PPRV RNA, but not Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and rotavirus RNA resulted in reduced FMDV replication in BHK-21 cells suggesting that the PPRV RNA-induced interference was specifically directed against FMDV. On long-term coinfection of some acute pathogenic viruses (all possible combinations of PPRV, FMDV, NDV and buffalopox virus) in Vero cells, in most cases, one of the coinfecting viruses was excluded at passage level 5 suggesting that the long-term coinfection may modify viral persistence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented evidence describing a natural mixed infection of FMDV and PPRV. The study not only provides simple and reliable methodologies for isolation and purification of two epidemiologically and economically important groups of viruses, but could also help in establishing better guidelines for trading animals that could transmit further infections and epidemics in disease free nations

Copersistence of FMDV/PPRV in cocultured BHK-21/Vero cells.

<p>Confluent monolayers of cocultured BHK-21/Vero cells or single cell types (Vero or BHK-21 cells) were infected, in triplicates (12 well cell culture plate), with 100 μl of the cell culture supernatant (BP15) for 2 h followed by washing with PBS and addition of fresh media. Virus release in the infected cell culture supernatant (cocultured BHK/Vero cells) at indicated time points was quantified by determining TCID₅₀ (a). Infected cell culture supernatants from Vero (b) and BHK-21 (c) cells at indicated time points were tested for PPRV and FMDV-specific genomes by qRT-PCR. The viral RNA levels, expressed as threshold cycle (CT) values, were analyzed to determine relative fold change in RNA copy number over 2 hpi. Error bars indicate SD. Statistical analysis was conducted with Student’s <i>t</i> test (*** = P<0.001).</p