Broken time-reversal symmetry probed by muon spin relaxation in the caged type superconductor Lu5Rh6Sn18

The superconducting state of the caged type compound Lu5Rh6Sn18 has been investigated by using magnetization, heat capacity, and muon spin relaxation or rotation (?SR) measurements, and the results interpreted on the basis of the group theoretical classifications of the possible pairing symmetries and a simple model of the resulting quasiparticle spectra. Our zero-field ?SR measurements clearly reveal the spontaneous appearance of an internal magnetic field below the transition temperature, which indicates that the superconducting state in this material is characterized by broken time-reversal symmetry. Further, the analysis of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth measured using the transverse-field ?SR measurements suggests an isotropic s?wave character for the superconducting gap. This is in agreement with the heat capacity behavior, and we show that it can be interpreted in terms of a nonunitary triplet state with point nodes and an open Fermi surface

Customer service in the residential property market of South Africa

An increasing number of estate agencies are entering the real estate market in South Africa and many are struggling to survive as competition grows stronger. Customer service has become of overriding importance to establish a differential advantage that will ensure long-term survival. This study investigates customer service by estate agencies in the residential property market of South Africa. The results indicate that estate agencies seem to be aware of the importance of providing good customer service and of being service-oriented, but they do not always seem to realise the need to conduct marketing research and test the actual satisfaction of customers with the services provided, leaving a potential gap between what the customer wants and what the estate agency provides

Anisotropic optical conductivity of the putative Kondo insulator CeRu4_4Sn6_6

Kondo insulators and in particular their non-cubic representatives have remained poorly understood. Here we report on the development of an anisotropic energy pseudogap in the tetragonal compound CeRu$_4$Sn$_6$ employing optical reflectivity measurements in broad frequency and temperature ranges, and local density approximation plus dynamical mean field theory calculations. The calculations provide evidence for a Kondo insulator-like response within the $a-a$ plane and a more metallic response along the c axis and qualitatively reproduce the experimental observations, helping to identify their origin

The Physiological Effects Of a Mid-shift feed of sucrose

When men work continuously at a moderate (1'0 litres/ min oxygen consumption) or hard rate (1'5 litres/ min oxygen consumption) for 6 hours, the respiratory quotient falls from 0·94 to 0·80. In classical concepts this ind:cates that 68% of the caloric requirement comes from carbohydrate initially and that only 30% comes from that source at the end of the work period. This change in metabolism is associated with an increase in oxygen consumption and heart rate, indicating that the men were being less effective mechanically towards the end of the work period when they were using predominantly fat metabolism. A mid-shift feed of 100 and of 200 g of sucrose in water .caused an immediate rise in RQ and a higher level of RQ than in the fasting men which persisted for the rest of the work period. This was associated with a lower rate of oxygen consumption than in the fasting state. Whife there may be some doubt about the immediate increase in RO being due to a shift towards carbohydrate metabolism after' the ingestion of sucrose, there can be little doubt that this is the case from the end of the first hour onwards, after the ingestion of sucrose. The doubt about whether the rapid increase in RQ after the ingestion of sucrose is due to a change from fat to carbohydrate metabolism or whether it is due to an alteration in blood insulin level following the ingestion of sucrose could be resolved by ingesting HC sucrose and studying the output of HC CO, in expired air. In view of the practical importance to industry of showing whether or not carbohydrate given during a mid-shift feed is actually metabo'ized during the remainder of the shift, a study with HC sucrose appears to be fully justified; its scientific value in solving the above problems is not in doubt

Sequential localization of a complex electron fluid

Complex and correlated quantum systems with promise for new functionality often involve entwined electronic degrees of freedom. In such materials, highly unusual properties emerge and could be the result of electron localization. Here, a cubic heavy fermion metal governed by spins and orbitals is chosen as a model system for this physics. Its properties are found to originate from surprisingly simple low-energy behavior, with two distinct localization transitions driven by a single degree of freedom at a time. This result is unexpected, but we are able to understand it by advancing the notion of sequential destruction of an SU(4) spin-orbital-coupled Kondo entanglement. Our results implicate electron localization as a unified framework for strongly correlated materials and suggest ways to exploit multiple degrees of freedom for quantum engineering.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures (preprint format

Anisotropic Electronic Structure of the Kondo Semiconductor CeFe2Al10 Studied by Optical Conductivity

We report temperature-dependent polarized optical conductivity [$\sigma(\omega)$] spectra of CeFe$_2$Al$_{10}$, which is a reference material for CeRu$_2$Al$_{10}$ and CeOs$_2$Al$_{10}$ with an anomalous magnetic transition at 28 K. The $\sigma(\omega)$ spectrum along the b-axis differs greatly from that in the $ac$-plane, indicating that this material has an anisotropic electronic structure. At low temperatures, in all axes, a shoulder structure due to the optical transition across the hybridization gap between the conduction band and the localized $4f$ states, namely $c$-$f$ hybridization, appears at 55 meV. However, the gap opening temperature and the temperature of appearance of the quasiparticle Drude weight are strongly anisotropic indicating the anisotropic Kondo temperature. The strong anisotropic nature in both electronic structure and Kondo temperature is considered to be relevant the anomalous magnetic phase transition in CeRu$_2$Al$_{10}$ and CeOs$_2$Al$_{10}$.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure