26 research outputs found
Recommendations and guidelines from the ISMRM Diffusion Study Group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 1 -- In vivo small-animal imaging
The value of in vivo preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) is substantial.
Small-animal dMRI has been used for methodological development and validation,
characterizing the biological basis of diffusion phenomena, and comparative
anatomy. Many of the influential works in this field were first performed in
small animals or ex vivo samples. The steps from animal setup and monitoring,
to acquisition, analysis, and interpretation are complex, with many decisions
that may ultimately affect what questions can be answered using the data. This
work aims to serve as a reference, presenting selected recommendations and
guidelines from the diffusion community, on best practices for preclinical dMRI
of in vivo animals. In each section, we also highlight areas for which no
guidelines exist (and why), and where future work should focus. We first
describe the value that small animal imaging adds to the field of dMRI,
followed by general considerations and foundational knowledge that must be
considered when designing experiments. We briefly describe differences in
animal species and disease models and discuss how they are appropriate for
different studies. We then give guidelines for in vivo acquisition protocols,
including decisions on hardware, animal preparation, imaging sequences and data
processing, including pre-processing, model-fitting, and tractography. Finally,
we provide an online resource which lists publicly available preclinical dMRI
datasets and software packages, to promote responsible and reproducible
research. An overarching goal herein is to enhance the rigor and
reproducibility of small animal dMRI acquisitions and analyses, and thereby
advance biomedical knowledge.Comment: 69 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl
An Efficient Interlaced Multi-Shell Sampling Scheme for Reconstruction of Diffusion Propagators
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging measurements of water diffusion in the perfused hippocampal slice during N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity
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Alpha-II-Spectrin after Controlled Cortical Impact in the Immature Rat Brain
Proteolytic processing plays an important role in regulating a wide range of important cellular functions, including processing of cytoskeletal proteins. Loss of cytoskeletal proteins such as spectrin is an important characteristic in a variety of acute central nervous system injuries including ischemia, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The literature contains extensive information on the proteolytic degradation of alpha-II-spectrin after TBI in the adult brain. By contrast, there is limited knowledge on the characteristics and relevance of these important processes in the immature brain. The present experiments examine TBI-induced proteolytic processing of alpha-II-spectrin after TBI in the immature rat brain. Distinct proteolytic products resulting from the degradation of the cytoskeletal protein alpha-II-spectrin by calpain and caspase 3 were readily detectable in cortical brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid after TBI in immature rats