Electron Mass Enhancement due to Anharmonic Local Phonons

In order to understand how electron effective mass is enhanced by anharmonic local oscillation of an atom in a cage composed of other atoms, i.e., {\it rattling}, we analyze anharmonic Holstein model by using a Green's function method. Due to the evaluation of an electron mass enhancement factor $Z$, we find that $Z$ becomes maximum when zero-point energy is comparable with potential height at which the amplitude of oscillation is rapidly enlarged. Cooperation of such quantum and rattling effects is considered to be a key issue to explain the electron mass enhancement in electron-rattling systems.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. (Proceedings for International Conference on Heavy Electrons

Flavor changing neutrino interactions and CP violation in neutrino oscillations

We investigate the interference effects of non-standard neutrino-matter interactions (NSNI) with the mass-induced neutrino oscillations. The NSNI is composed of flavor-changing neutrino interactions (FCNI) and flavor-diagonal neutrino interactions (FDNI). Both of the interactions are introduced in the \nu_\mu -\nu_\tau sector and the \nu_e -\nu_\mu sector in order to study their effects in \nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau and \nu_\mu\to\nu_e oscillations, respectively. The FCNI effect proves to possibly dominate the CP violating effect and significantly survive as a fake CP violating effct in the neutrino energy region where the pure CP violating effect, ordinary matter effect and FDNI effect fall, for example, above 4 GeV at the baseline of L=730 km in the \nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau oscillation for the maximum parameter values of FCNI and FDNI allowed by the atmospheric neutrino oscillation data. The FCNI and FDNI effects on CP violation in the $\nu_\mu\to\nu_e$ oscillation are negligibly small due to the stringent constraints on FCNI from the bounds on lepton flavor violating processes and on FDNI from the limits on lepton universality violation.Comment: 18 pages in LaTeX2e, 12 ps figures. The discussion of detectability of the CP violation is delete

A possible route to spontaneous reduction of the heat conductivity by a temperature gradient driven instability in electron-ion plasmas

We have shown that there exists low-frequency growing modes driven by a global temperature gradient in electron and ion plasmas, by linear perturbation analysis within the frame work of plasma Kinetic theory. The driving force of the instability is the local deviation of the distribution function from the Maxwell-Boltzmann due to global temperature gradient. Application to the intracluster medium shows that scattering of the particles due to waves excited by the instability is possible to reduce mean free paths of electron and ion down to five to seven order of magnitude than the mean free paths due to Coulomb collisions. This may provide a hint to explain why hot and cool gas can co-exist in the intracluster medium in spite of the very short evaporation time scale due to thermal conduction if the conductivity is the classical Spitzer value. Our results suggest that the realization of the global thermal equilibrium is postponed by the local instability which is induced for quicker realization of local thermal equilibrium state in plasmas. The instability provides a new possibility to create and grow cosmic magnetic fields without any seed magnetic field.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ: 16 pages, 1figur

Diversity and altitudinal niche width characteristics for 35 taxa of the Papua New Guinea Frullania flora with consideration of sibling pairs

The Frullania taxa on Mount Albert Edward, Papua New Guinea, form many associations that suggest a high degree of niche similarity, but at different altitudes, different associations form. The species diversity of the genus is greatest at the middle altitudes and least in the dry lowlands. This altitudinal separation is apparent in the niche widths of the taxa. The members of the four sibling taxa pairs examined exhibit distinct altitudinal niches, suggesting that the sibling taxa are distinct, with different niche optima

Transition density of diffusion on Sierpinski gasket and extension of Flory's formula

Some problems related to the transition density u(t,x) of the diffusion on the Sierpinski gasket are considerd, based on recent rigorous results and detailed numerical calculations. The main contents are an extension of Flory's formula for the end-to-end distance exponent of self-avoiding walks on the fractal spaces, and an evidence of the oscillatory behavior of u(t,x) on the Sierpinski gasket.Comment: 11 pages, REVTEX, 2 postscript figure

Gas, Iron and Gravitational Mass in Galaxy Clusters: The General Lack of Cluster Evolution at z < 1.0

We have analyzed the ASCA data of 29 nearby clusters of galaxies systematically, and obtained temperatures, iron abundances, and X-ray luminosities of their intracluster medium (ICM). We also estimate ICM mass using the beta model, and then evaluate iron mass contained in the ICM and derive the total gravitating mass. This gives the largest and most homogeneous information about the ICM derived only by the ASCA data. We compare these values with those of distant clusters whose temperatures, abundances, and luminosities were also measured with ASCA, and find no clear evidence of evolution for the clusters at z<1.0. Only the most distant cluster at z=1.0, AXJ2019.3+1127, has anomalously high iron abundance, but its iron mass in the ICM may be among normal values for the other clusters, because the ICM mass may be smaller than the other clusters. This may suggest a hint of evolution of clusters at z ~ 1.0.Comment: 23 pages including 5 figures. Using PASJ2.sty, and PASJ95.sty. Accepted by PAS