Homogeneous Gold Catalysis through Relativistic Effects: Addition of Water to Propyne

In the catalytic addition of water to propyne the Au(III) catalyst is not stable under non-relativistic conditions and dissociates into a Au(I) compound and Cl2. This implies that one link in the chain of events in the catalytic cycle is broken and relativity may well be seen as the reason why Au(III) compounds are effective catalysts.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Are non-diabetic women with abnormal glucose screening test at increased risk of pre-eclampsia, macrosomia and caesarian birth?

To determine, in non-diabetic women, the relationship of abnormal glucose screening test, with the incidence of pre-eclampsia, macrosomia and caesarian delivery, from 1988-92, 5646 consecutive women attending antenatal clinic were screened with a glucose challenge test (GCT) on their first visit (usually at 16-20 weeks); those with risk factors i.e., history of unexplained perinatal loss, macrosomia or family member with diabetes and an initial abnormal screening test were rescreened at 28-32 weeks, In 482 cases the GCT was abnormal (plasma glucose value was \u3e140 mg% 2 hours after 75g glucose challenge). Of these, 292 had one or more abnormal critical values at a 75g -3 hour oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) and they were treated to maintain euglycaemia. The rest (n=190) had no evidence of glucose intolerance with no abnormal values at the GTT. The subjects were divided into 3 groups based on GCT values; A, randomly selected subjects with a normal GCT (n=1000); B, those with abnormal GCT but normal GTT (n=190); and C, those with abnormal GTT (n=292). The variables studied were age, gravidity, parity, gestational age at delivery, pre-eclampsia, birth-weight and mode of delivery. The incidence of pre-eclampsia and caesarian birth varied, being the lowest in Group A (3.9% and 11.9% respectively) and then rising through group B (6.3% and 16.3% respectively) to the highest in Group C (12.6% and 26.0% respectively; test of linear trend, p\u3c0.05). For macrosomia, the incidence increased from Group A to B but there was a drop in Group C. The incidence of macrosomia was significantly higher for Group B as compared to A or C (9.5% and 3.3%,

A Novel Potassium Chloride Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent: In-House Synthesis and Characterization

 The increasing use of Ionic Liquids (ILs) and Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for their eco-friendly properties and versatile applications has been tempered by recent findings exposing their sustainability limitations. As a response, a new type of DES called Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) has emerged, offering similar efficiency to ILs and DES but with improved environmental credentials. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) based on Potassium Chloride (KCl) and glycerine.A eutectic mixture is achieved with a 1:8 molar ratio of KCl to glycerine at 70°C and 100 rpm. Thermophysical properties, including density, surface tension, viscosity, refractive index, and pH, are measured over a temperature range of 289.15 K to 333.15 K. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the bonding between the Cl- from KCl and -OH group from glycerine. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed thermal stability of up to 200°C for the NADES.. The results demonstrated the potential of this newly developed KCl-based NADES as a sustainable alternative to Ionic Liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), and KCl salt in various applications. Further research is recommended to explore its efficacy in different fields

Congenital giant melanocytic nevi

Nevi are common skin tumors caused by abnormal overgrowth of cells from the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. Most nevi are benign, but some pre-cancerous nevi must be monitored or removed. The giant congenital nevus is greater than 10 cm in size, pigmented and often hairy. Between 4% and 6% of these lesions will develop into a malignant melanoma. Since approximately 50% of the melanoma develop by the age of two, and 80% by the age of seven, early removal is recommended. The objective of this paper is to present a unique case of giant nevi and their surgical management

The Potential Value of EGFR and P53 Immunostaining in Tumors of the Urinary Bladder

The expression of EGFR and p53 has not been adequately studied as a prognostic tool in urinary bladder tumors. We analyzed 74 bladder cancer samples from Egypt for EGFR and p53 expression using immunohistochemistry. The tumors were of different histological types, grades and clinical stages, and with established lymph node status. Almost 61% of the tumors showed positive membranous EGFR expression and 74.3% had positive nuclear staining of p53. Analysis of correlation of the IHC staining with clinical variables showed a significant correlation only between EGFR expression and histological type (p=0.002, ANOVA), in that the expression was higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in other histological types. There were no significant correlations between p53 or EGFR with the other clinicopathological variables, including age, sex, staging, grading, and lymph node status. Further studies are needed to determine if EGFR and p53 might be used as prognostic tools in bladder cancer

Bending analysis of switchable frequency selective surface based on flexible composite substrate

In this paper presents a switchable frequency selective surface (FSS) based on composite flexible substrate has been investigated. To make the FSS switchable, various combinations of switches are used. The design is bent E-field and H-field directions over various bending curvatures and the corresponding behavior is analyzed. It is observed that design has less variation when bending is applied along H-field direction. Whereas, slight variations are observed when bending is applied along the E-field direction. It is noted that the design exhibits stop band and pass band characteristics. Furthermore, in pass band it provides single wideband and dual band operations. These characteristics are preserved when bending is applied, thus making it suitable for wearable applications and modern communication systems

A Detailed Cloud Fraction Climatology of the Upper Indus Basin and Its Implications for Near-Surface Air Temperature*

implications for near surface air temperature. Journal of Climate 2015, 28(9)