Effect of N-(6-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzamide and 2,6-diamino-benzothiazole as Corrosion Inhibitor in acid medium

2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole(ANBT) was used as an inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in acid medium since the inhibition efficiency was low for that compound, 2,6-diaminobenzothiazole (DABT) and N-(6-aminobenzo [d] thiazol-2-y1) benzamide(ABTB) was synthesized,  and characterized by FT-IR, H1NMR, and C13NMR.The synthesized compound was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl solution using weight loss, Potentiodynamic polarization, and AC impedance techniques. The inhibition efficiency was studied at the different time, temperature and acid concentration by weight loss method. The values of activation energy and free energy of adsorption of these compounds were also calculated, which reveals that the inhibitor was adsorbed on the mild steel by physisorption mechanism. Adsorption obeys Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The results obtained by weight loss method revealed that the compound performed as a better inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor acts as a mixed type inhibitor.AC impedance studies revealed that the corrosion process was controlled by charge transfer process. Surface analysis was studied using SEM and FT-IR

Synthesis, Characterization and Inhibitive Effect of 1-[(4-methylPhenyl) Sulfonyl]-4-pyridine-2-ylpiperazine on Corrosion of Mild Steel in HCl Medium

A novel inhibitor, 1-[(4-methylphenyl)Sulfonyl]-4–pyridine-2-ylpiperazine (MSPP)  has been  synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR , LC-MS  and UV-visible  spectroscopy methods.The  inhibitive effect of 1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazine(MSPP) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The efficiency of the inhibitor increases with the increase in the inhibitor concentration and decrease with a rise in temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization study showed that the inhibitor acts as mixed type. EIS finding showed that the change in the impedance parameters (Rct and Cdl), with the variation in MSPP concentration is due to the adsorption of active molecules leading to the formation of protective layer on the surface of mild steel. The UV-visible absorption spectra indicate the formation of a MSPP-Fe complex. The adsorption data fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), free energy change (ΔGads ), enthalpy change (ΔHads ) and entropy change (ΔSads ) were  also evaluated and discussed in detail. Surface analysis by AFM and SEM confirmed the formation of protective coating on the mild steel surface. Quantum chemical calculation were also performed using density functional theory

In Vitro Corrosion Behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V and 316L Stainless Steel Alloys for Biomedical Implant Applications

Pulsed laser deposition technique is one of the methods to coat the hydroxyapatite on 316L stainless steel and Ti–6Al–4V implants, which is used in orthopaedics and dentistry applications. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramics in the form of calcium phosphate were deposited on Ti–6Al–4V and 316L stainless steel by the pulsed laser deposition method. The coated thin film was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic microscopy. The corrosion studies were carried out on coated and uncoated samples using potentiodynamic polarisation studies in simulated body fluid (Hanks’ solution). The bioactivity of the Hap-coated samples on Ti–6Al–4V and 316L stainless steel was evaluated by immersing them in simulated body fluid for 9 days. XRD and EDS analyses confirmed the presence of HAP. The corrosion studies showed that the treated samples have better corrosion resistance compared to Ti–6Al–4V and 316L stainless-steel substrates. The formation of apatite on treated samples revealed the bioactivity of the HAP-coated substrates. HAP-coated Ti–6Al–4V provides higher corrosion protection than the HAP-coated 316L stainless-steel substrates

Haematinic activity of Echuramooli ilai Chooranam (Aristilochia indica linn.) and Spermatogenic activity of Anda Odu Parpam

ECHURAMOOLI ILAI CHOORANAM: “Echuramooli ilai chooranam” were collected from Idappadi, Salem district and powdered then purified and stored. This drug was subjected for various studies by the author. Echuramooli ilai chooranam was selected by the author for this study to establish the Haematinic activity. To collect the information about the drug, various text books, literature were referred. From them, the author came to an idea about the drug and its efficacy on Anaemia. A brief description about botanical aspect of the Echuramooli ilai chooranam and its identifying characters and Phyto chemical data were given. The wide use of Echuramooli according to Gunapadam aspect as well as in various Siddha literatures were discussed with much importance to that of preparation related to Paandu noi. The Phyto chemical analysis of the drug showed that it contains Iron, Calcium, Chloride, Sulphate, Reducing sugar, Zinc and Magnesium. It is related in treatment of Anaemia. The preclinical study showed that the drug has got safety and significant haematinic activity. The patients were responding well from the beginning of the treatment and no adverse effects were reported. The clinical result revealed that 76% of patients were having improvement in the clinical futures and biochemical reports. This present study confirmed that Echuramooli ilai chooranam has the remarkable Haematinic activity and high therapeutically value against the clinical symptom of Anaemia. ANDA ODU PARPAM: The hen egg shells (Ovitesta of Gallus Domesticus) were collected from the hatchery at Namakkal and the lemon were collected from a form house at Idappadi, Salem District and Anda odu parpam is prepared as quoted in the classical Siddha literature. Anda odu parpam was selected by the author for this study to establish the Spermatogenic activity. To collect the information about the drug, various text books, literature were referred. From them, the author came to an idea about the drug and its efficacy on Infertility. A brief description about zoological aspect of the Anda odu parpam and its identifying characters and physio chemical and bio chemical data were given. The wide use of according to Gunapadam aspect as well as in various Siddha literatures were discussed with much importance to that of preparation related to Vindhu kuraivu. The bio chemical analysis of the drug shows that it contains Zn ions indicates that they help in maintaining the sperm count. The other components Mg, K, Ca, Protein, Amino acid, Phosphate, Sulphate, Chloride and Iron ions are also responsible for its spermatogenic property. It is related in treatment of male infertility. The preclinical study showed that the drug has got safety and significant Spermatogenic activity. The patients were responding well from the beginning of the treatment and no adverse effects were reported. The clinical result reveals that 84% of patients were improvement in the clinical futures and biochemical reports. This present study confirms that Anda odu parpam has the remarkable Spermatogenic activity and high therapeutical value against the clinical symptom of Oligospermia

Electrochemical Behavior of Biomedical Titanium Alloys Coated with Diamond Carbon in Hanks’ Solution

Biomedical implants in the knee and hip are frequent failures because of corrosion and stress on the joints. To solve this important problem, metal implants can be coated with diamond carbon, and this coating plays a critical role in providing an increased resistance to implants toward corrosion. In this study, we have employed diamond carbon coating over Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys using hot filament chemical vapor deposition method which is well-established coating process that significantly improves the resistance toward corrosion, wears and hardness. The diamond carbon-coated Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy showed an increased microhardness in the range of 850 HV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization studies in SBF solution (simulated body fluid solution) were carried out to understand the in vitro behavior of uncoated as well as coated titanium alloys. The experimental results showed that the corrosion resistance of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy is relatively higher when compared with diamond carbon-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloys due to the presence of β phase in the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. Electrochemical impedance results showed that the diamond carbon-coated alloys behave as an ideal capacitor in the body fluid solution. Moreover, the stability in mechanical properties during the corrosion process was maintained for diamond carbon-coated titanium alloys

Analysis of Fault Classifiers to Detect the Faults and Node Failures in a Wireless Sensor Network

Technology evaluation in the electronics field leads to the great development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for a variety of applications. The sensor nodes are deployed in hazardous environments, and they are operated by isolated battery sources. Network connectivity is purely based on power availability, which impacts the network lifetime. Hence, power must be used wisely to prolong the network lifetime. The sensor nodes that fail due to power have to detect quickly to maintain the network. In a WSN, classifiers are used to detect the faults for checking the data generated by the sensor nodes. In this paper, six classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, Convolutional Neural Network, Multilayer Perceptron, Stochastic Gradient Descent, Random Forest and Probabilistic Neural Network have been taken for analysis. Six different faults (Offset fault, Gain fault, Stuck-at fault, Out of Bounds, Spike fault and Data loss) are injected in the data generated by the sensor nodes. The faulty data are checked by the classifiers. The simulation results show that the Random Forest detected more faults and it also outperformed all other classifiers in that category