Global distribution of incidence, mortality, and burden of stomach cancers and its relationship with the sociodemographic index

Objective: Stomach cancer ranked sixth among the most common cancers in 2020, with approximately 1.1 million new cases and approximately 76,900 deaths. Therefore, estimations of the incidence and mortality, and burden of stomach cancers are needed to plan for cancer control. In this study, the updated distribution of incidence, mortality, and global burden of stomach cancer based on different classifications was investigated according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological data have been derived from the study of the GBD in 2019. Data were extracted globally for 204 countries and groups based on a sociodemographic index (SDI), world health organization (WHO) regions, continents, World Bank regions, and 21 GBD regions. The correlations with SDI were investigated by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and SPSS 2016 software. Results: The global distribution of incidence, mortality, and burden of stomach cancers varies in different geographical areas. Mortality and burden of stomach cancer are related to sociodemographic indicators of countries. No correlation was detected between the incidence of stomach cancer and SDI. Gender is also one of the effective factors in the death and incidence of stomach cancer. Conclusions: Estimating the cancer burden, taking into account both mortality and morbidity, is a key step in prioritizing research and policy. It can also be used to prioritize when combined with data on the cost of cancer interventions

Evaluating the Correlation Between Burnout Syndrome Dimensions and Mental Health of Cashiers in State Banks of Golestan

Introduction: Burnout is one of the most important factors in reducing productivity in organizations involving physical and mental signs especially in the human service professions. We carried out this research to examine the relationship between burnout and mental health of cashiers of the state banks in Golestan Province . Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 cashiers in state banks of Golestan. We used three instruments in this study: 1) demographic questionnaire 2) General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and 3) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The collected data were analyzed using statistical operations of Pearson correlation coefficient, T Student, univariate ANOVA, and non-parametric Chi Square test. Results: On the whole, using the MBI subscale, we found low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and high levels of reduced sense of personal accomplishment in frequency . The wo variables of burnout and poor mental health were related significantly(p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between poor mental health and burnout to show that care should be taken to ameliorate the stressful conditions that cashiers fac

Evaluation of the view points of undergraduate students about food hygiene course in School of Public Health of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Food hygiene Is one of the main courses offered by schools of public health. The purpose of this study was to investigate under graduate students’ view point about food hygiene course thought in the School of Public Health of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, One hundred thirty students who enrolled in the food hygiene course, participated. The questionnaire consisted of five parts including: demographics, educational planning, educational facilities, food hygiene course topics and effectiveness in improving student’s knowledge Data were analyzed by SPSS software V. 18. Results: of the participants expressed their high priority for practical units of this course (3.79 ± 1.06) and their wants for visiting centers of food production and distribution have to improve their learning (4.51 ± 0.83). Also use of instructional videos found very effective (4.36 ± 0.79). Students agreed to change some parts of the curriculum with new topics and stated that this course will be highly effective in their future professional competency (4.03 ± 0.95). Conclusion: According to the results, general revision of this course and adding practical units to it, will address their needs and improve their professional competency

Attitudes and Self-Care Behaviors of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Referred to Rheumatology Clinical Centers in Yazd

Abstract Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis is the most common age-related causes of knee pain which can induce disability, disablement and reduced quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine attitudes and self-care behaviors of knee osteoarthritis patients referred to three Rheumatology Clinical Centers in Yazd. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 235 patients referred to Health Care Centers of Yazd who were selected randomly. In order to glean the study data, a researcher-designed questionnaire was utilized probing into demographic variables as well as patients' attitudes and self-care behaviors. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were approved, as well. The study data were analyzed applying SPSS software (ver. 18) via T-Test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient at 0.05 of the significant level. Results: The participants' mean age and Mean BMI were reported 54.90&plusmn;9.15 and 28.8&plusmn;4.61, respectively. Mean score of patients' attitude toward self-care was 47.4&plusmn;3.95 out of 55 and the mean score of their self-care behaviors was 43.11&plusmn;5.75 out of 60, which the both scores were at a moderate level. Furthermore, a positive significant correlation was detected between attitude and self-care behaviors (p=0.01). Within different self-care behaviors, participants' attitude towards the positive effect of using crutches while walking was at the lowest level. Meanwhile, according to the patients' attitude, using crutches was demonstrated to have the least performance within the self-care behaviors. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the attitude level can cause an increase in the patients' self-care behaviors. Moreover, since the participants' attitude towards such behaviors as using crutches, using pool and weight loss were at a low level, interventional programs are recommended to emphasize the mentioned issues. Keywords: Attitude; Knee osteoarthritis; Performance; Self-care behavior

Design and evaluation of a theory-based intervention of knowledge and perceptions to improve self-care amongst relatives of esophageal cancer patients: A randomised controlled trial study protocol

Background: Esophageal cancer, as one of the most unknown cancers, is largely preventable through lifestyle modifications. In this study, a theory-based intervention will be designed and evaluated on the knowledge and perceptions of relatives of patients with cancer to improve their self-care. Methods: This research will be carried out in two phases in Golestan province, located in north of Iran. A researcher-made questionnaire will be designed based on the extended parallel process model using a detailed literature review and the panel of experts' opinions. This questionnaire will aim to investigate the levels of knowledge, perception, and practice of respondents regarding esophageal cancer. Later, a comprehensive program will be designed over esophageal cancer self-care based on the information collected from the questionnaire, the information obtained from detailed literature review, and the experts' opinions. The second phase of the study will include implementation of an educational intervention with pretest�posttest design using the intervention and control groups to measure the effectiveness of this educational program on the knowledge, perception, and practice of the patients' relatives. Discussion: The findings will provide valuable evidences regarding the efficacy of the educational intervention and will help the participants to improve their self-care behaviours. Consequently, policy-makers and planners can use the results to set appropriate policies. © 2020 The Author

Concerns and Fear of Esophageal Cancer in Relatives of Patients with Cancer: a Qualitative Study

Introduction: Due to its complications and mortality, cancer is a vital public health problem and one of the most frightening diseases, and its development causes a sense of risk, problems, and discomforts for all, including family of patients. The aim of this study was to elaborate on the concerns and fear of esophageal cancer in relatives with cancer illness. Methods: Using a content analysis approach, this qualitative study was carried out in Golestan, North of Iran, in 2018. Participants were one of the family members of a patient with esophageal cancer who were selected purposefully. Data were collected using semi-structured and deep interviews and continued until data saturation was achieved. Twenty-three participants were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed line by line and were coded and categorized, and concepts were extracted accordance with qualitative content analysis approach, using MAXQDA 11 software. Result: Following data analysis on the concerns and fear of cancer among relatives of patients, the main themes �fear of social consequences,� �fear of treatment consequences,� �fear of psychological consequences,� �cancer phobia,� �concern about lack of information on the disease,� �fear of disease reactions,� and �fear of disease-related changes� were extracted. Conclusions: Family of patients with esophageal cancer were afraid of disease-induced consequences and lack of knowledge about the disease. Through educating people about the symptoms of the disease, we can reduce their fears and empower them for self-caring and preventing cancer. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Prevention behaviours of oesophageal cancer: Protocol for a mixed-method study é£�管ç��é¢�é�²è¡�为:æ··å��æ³�ç �究æ�¹æ¡�

Aim: The aim was to implement an educational programme for the family members of patients with oesophageal cancer on prevention behaviours in Golestan province, north of Iran. Design: In this mixed-method research, qualitative and quantitative studies will be conducted. Methods: This study will be carried out using an exploratory mixed-method design in Golestan province, north of Iran in 2018�2019. The research will include three consecutive phases. At first, a qualitative study will be carried out to determine the preventive behaviour and measures of oesophageal cancer. In this phase, the participants will be selected using the purposive sampling method. Later, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with the relatives of patients with oesophageal cancer to collect the necessary qualitative data. The second phase will include a literature review based on the information collected from the first phase. Later, a researcher-made questionnaire will be designed based on the extended parallel process model. Furthermore, a comprehensive programme will be proposed about self-care of the patients with oesophageal cancer. In the third phase, a quantitative quasi-experimental research will be conducted over two groups of participants to measure the effectiveness of this programme. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Iran in November 2017. Discussion: Educational interventions should be designed purposefully according to the needs of the target group to improve their self-care behaviours. We also expect that this research can improve the individuals' access to high-quality preventive behaviours with regard to oesophageal cancer. Trial registration: The project was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, (registration number: IRCT20180725040588N1, date registered: 2th October 2018). © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Lt

Perceived Threats toward Esophageal Cancer among Immediate Relatives of Sufferers: a Qualitative Study

Purpose: Considering life-threatening nature of cancer and the problems that it causes for patients and families, recognizing their perspectives toward this issue is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine perceived threats by immediate relatives of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Using content analysis approach, the present qualitative study was conducted in Golestan Province (north of Iran) in 2018. Through purposive sampling, 23 immediate relatives of patients with esophageal cancer were included in the study. The research techniques included semi-structured and deep interviews. We continued data collection to ensure data saturation was achieved. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed with Graneheim and Lundman�s approach of conventional content analysis. The MAXQDA 11 software was applied to conduct the coding process. Results: Following data analysis, two main categories including �perceived susceptibility� and �perceived severity� were identified for perceived threats. The main category of �perceived susceptibility� comprised of four subcategory, namely, perception of individual, environmental, psychological, and nutritional predisposing factors to the disease. Four subcategories were also extracted for the �perceived severity,� including perception of physical, psychological, therapeutic, and social consequences of the disease. Conclusions: Immediate relatives of patients with esophagus cancer perceived high severity and susceptibility toward this disease and considered themselves vulnerable to this disease. Hence, they suffered from a lot of psychological stress. Development of appropriate interventions regarding the effects of disease-related individual and environmental factors and empowerment of individuals with regard to preventive disease behaviors can be an important step for improving the health of this group. Registration Number: IRCT20180725040588N1, date registered: 2 October 2018. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Study of Knowledge and Practice of Men with Wives who Suffer From Premenstrual Syndrome about the Syndrome in Yazd City

Introduction: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) includes physical, psychological and emotional symptoms that occur during last days of premenstrual cycle and subside with the start of menstruation or during the first days of bleeding, so the study aimed determining knowledge and practice of men who their waives suffer from PMS about the syndrome in Yazd city. Methods: The descriptive-analytical study carried out on 240 young couples referred to Yazd Health Care Centers who were selected randomly and entered in the study voluntarily. The tools for data collection were Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool and a researcher-designed questionnaire for measuring men's knowledge and practice about the syndrome. A pilot study approved the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software. In analyzing the data, statistical tests such as T-Test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient were used. Results: Mean score of men's knowledge about PMS which included their scores in awareness about the mental and physicals symptoms of PMS and strategies for reducing the symptoms was 26.51±7.40 out of 51and and their practice mean score was 23.01±5.20 out of 32.There was a significant relation between knowledge and practice (p=0.00).The less correct answerer to knowledge question was in turn to questions of suicide tendency, increased appetite and loose weight and the less reported practice was "calling to wife in premenstrual period and recalling her to have an snack". Conclusions:For achieving this important issuepresenting high quality education programs which may causes sustainable behavior change with an emphasize on issues such as symptoms of PMS including suicide tendency, self harm, increased appetite and strategies for loose weight and snack consumption is recommended