Molecular Conformation of Pyridinic Aromatic Esters. II. Electronic Absorption Spectra and Dipole Moments by Semiempirical Methods

The semiempirical MIM method was applied to calculate the UV spectra of nine pyridine-aromatic-ester derivatives (having the general formula R1-COO-R2) assuming a planar geometry. Benzene, pyridine and formic acid were adopted as component systems. The dipole moments of the same compounds were evaluated at the MIM and INDO levels and the equilibrium percentage of the conformers was deduced from experimental and theoretical values. Comparable results were generally obtained. On the whole the results are satisfactory but not sufficient to affirm with certainty if the molecular skeleton is or is not planar

Molecular Conformation of Aza-substituted Benzanilides by Electronic Absorption Spectra and Dipole Moments

The electronic absorption spectra of thirteen pyridine aromatic amides of general formula R1-CO-NH- R2 (Ri, R2 = pyridil or phenyl) were obtained in methanol and dioxane solution. The band assignment is briefly discussed. The dipole moments were measured in dioxane at 25 ± 0.1 °c and compared with values calculated by both the S. H. M. 0. method and vectorial model. The comparison suggests the most probable conformation of derivatives which have the nitrogen either in the ortho or meta position in one or both rings of the molecule

Smoke with Fire: Financial Crises and the Demand for Parliamentary Oversight in the European Union.

The handling of the 2008 financial crisis has reinforced the conviction that the European Union (EU) is undemocratic and that member states are forced to delegate overwhelming power to a supranational technocracy. However, European countries have engaged with this alleged power drift differently, with only a few member states demanding more parliamentary scrutiny of EU institutions. This article develops a political economy explanation for why only some states have enforced mechanisms to monitor the EU more closely. Our theory focuses on the role of the crisis and the impact of fiscal autonomy in countries outside and inside currency arrangements such as the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). We argue that, in the aftermath of a severe economic shock, member states outside the EMU possess more monetary and fiscal resources to handle the crisis. These would then demand oversight of EU decision-making if their fiscal sustainability depends on the Union. By contrast, Eurozone states that need policy changes cannot address the crisis independently or initiate reforms to scrutinize the EU. Hence, we argue that during the heated moments of severe economic downturns, parliaments in Eurozone countries discuss supranational supervision rarely. As these legislatures have nevertheless to give in to the popular demand for EU control, they express support for more EU supervision in the infrequent times of debate. We provide evidence for our theory with a cross-national analysis of EU oversight institutions, and a new original dataset of parliamentary debates during the Eurozone crisis. Our findings highlight the political consequences that financial nosedives have across the diverse membership of a supranational organization

Patti territoriali per l'occupazione in Italia: una valutazione dal punto di vista degli stakeholder

In questo lavoro, mediante un approccio prevalentemente empirico-induttivo, gli autori cercano di comprendere se e in quali condizioni il partenariato e le agenzie locali per lo sviluppo riescono ad assumere e a legittimare il ruolo di soggetti efficaci e persistenti per il sostegno allo sviluppo economico e sociale di un territorio determinato. Lo studio, effettuato da un punto di vista degli stakeholder, si concentra su l\u2019esperienza italiana dei Patti territoriali per l\u2019occupazione (pto), un interessante laboratorio di sviluppo locale avviato nel 1997 dalla Commissione europea. I risultati conseguiti dai pto in un decennio sono decisamente significativi, sia in termini di investimenti realizzati sia di nuova occupazione creata, rispetto ad altri strumenti e politiche di sviluppo locale.In this paper, through an empirical-inductive approach, the authors attempt to understand whether and under what conditions partnership and local agencies for development are able to build up and legitimise the role of effective and persistent support for social and economic development of an established territory. The study, carried out from a stakeholder point of view, focuses on the Italian experience of the Territorial Employment Pacts (teps), an interesting laboratory of local development launched in 1997 by the European Commission. During a ten-year implementation this experience has reached relevant results, both in terms of realised investments and new occupation created, in comparison with those of other instruments and policies of local development

Molecular Conformation of Pyridinic Aromatic Esters. II. Electronic Absorption Spectra and Dipole Moments by Semiempirical Methods

The semiempirical MIM method was applied to calculate the UV spectra of nine pyridine-aromatic-ester derivatives (having the general formula R1-COO-R2) assuming a planar geometry. Benzene, pyridine and formic acid were adopted as component systems. The dipole moments of the same compounds were evaluated at the MIM and INDO levels and the equilibrium percentage of the conformers was deduced from experimental and theoretical values. Comparable results were generally obtained. On the whole the results are satisfactory but not sufficient to affirm with certainty if the molecular skeleton is or is not planar

National and Regional Parliaments in the Context of Brexit: The Case of Belgium

The aim of this chapter is to examine how Brexit has been addressed by national and regional parliaments in Belgium. The chapter will be structured around four key questions corresponding to four dimensions of parliamentary scrutiny: first, the constitutional dimension, how does the executive-legislative relationship play out over the issue of Brexit in Belgium? Second, the procedural dimension, what is the impact that parliaments can have on EU affairs in general, and on Brexit in particular? Third, the party-politics dimension, do political parties emphasize the same issues across different levels and depending on their role as government or opposition parties? And, fourth, the national interest dimension, how does the attention paid by regional and federal parliaments reflect the configurations of national interests in a multi-level setting? Relying on an analysis of parliamentary questions, this chapter shows that, so far, Brexit has not been a very divisive issue in Belgium but thatregional parliaments may want to bolster their role through increased scrutiny on more technical issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe