A retrospective study of Adverse Drug Reactions in a tertiary care centre

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major concern in present day clinical practice. They are inevitable consequences of drug therapy; as no pharmacotherapeutic agent is completely free from noxious and unintended effects. They are major contributors for morbidity, mortality and hospitalization of the patients increasing the economic burden on the society and uncertainty in clinical outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, extending over 6 months (September 2016 to February 2017). A total of 290 cases were studied, excluding the geriatric age group. The data was collected using CDSCO ADR reporting form. A comparison of ADR between males and females was made; based on the organ system affected and the category of drug using “proportion test”.Results: The study showed the ADR incidence was equal in both sexes (≈50%). It was observed that majority ADRs were from gastro intestinal system (39%) followed by CNS (20%) and skin and soft tissue (14%). Constipation was found to be the most common of the reported ADRs (18%) followed by vomiting (9%) and diarrhoea (8%).Conclusions: ADRs are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Several studies; including the present one, has shown GIT to be the most common system affected. Frequency of ADRs can be reduced by careful follow up and a robust hospital based pharmacovigilance setup

Kualitas perairan Natuna pada musim transisi

Abstrak. Perairan Natuna, khususnya pada Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD) I diprioritaskan untuk mendukung kegiatan perikanan berkelanjutan, sehingga penting diketahui kualitasperairannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kualitas air berdasarkan parameter fisika maupun kimia sebagai basis data terkini mengenai kualitas perairan Natuna pada musim transisi. Penelitian dilakukan di 31 stasiun pada bulan November 2012. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur antara lain kecerahan, derajat keasaman (pH), oksigen terlarut, suhu, salinitas, padatan tersuspensi total atau Total Suspended Solids (TSS) dan nutrien (nitrat, fosfat, silikat). Parameter pH, oksigen terlarut, suhu, dan salinitas diukur secara in-situ menggunaan alat water quality meter (TOA-DKK), kecerahan diukur menggunakan secchi disk, sedangkan sampel air di bawa ke laboratorium untuk dianalisis konsentrasi nutrien dan TSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kisaran kecerahan yaitu 2-20,9 (m), pH 8,09-8,27, oksigen terlarut 6,34-7,96 (mg/l), suhu 29,2-30,6 (°C), salinitas 27,9-30,4 (PSU), TSS 3-26 (mg/l), nitrat 0,005-0,078 (mg/l), fosfat 0,005-0,015 (mg/l) dan silikat 0,045-0,704 (mg/l). Hasil penelitian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kondisi perairan Natuna masih tergolong baik untuk menunjang kehidupan biota laut.Kata kunci: Parameter kimia; Parameter fisika; Natuna; musim transis

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Technical Bulletin on "Population, Land, Crops and Livestock Statistics of Arid Zone of Rajasthan"Technical Bulletin on "Population, Land, Crops and Livestock Statistics of Arid Zone of Rajasthan"Not Availabl