Inversion improves the recognition of facial expression in thatcherized images

The Thatcher illusion provides a compelling example of the face inversion effect. However, the marked effect of inversion in the Thatcher illusion contrasts to other studies that report only a small effect of inversion on the recognition of facial expressions. To address this discrepancy, we compared the effects of inversion and thatcherization on the recognition of facial expressions. We found that inversion of normal faces caused only a small reduction in the recognition of facial expressions. In contrast, local inversion of facial features in upright thatcherized faces resulted in a much larger reduction in the recognition of facial expressions. Paradoxically, inversion of thatcherized faces caused a relative increase in the recognition of facial expressions. Together, these results suggest that different processes explain the effects of inversion on the recognition of facial expressions and on the perception of the Thatcher illusion. The grotesque perception of thatcherized images is based on a more orientation-sensitive representation of the face. In contrast, the recognition of facial expression is dependent on a more orientation-insensitive representation. A similar pattern of results was evident when only the mouth or eye region was visible. These findings demonstrate that a key component of the Thatcher illusion is to be found in orientation-specific encoding of the features of the face

Unveiling Palomar 2: The Most Obscure Globular Cluster in the Outer Halo

We present the first color-magnitude study for Palomar 2, a distant and heavily obscured globular cluster near the Galactic anticenter. Our (V,V-I) color-magnitude diagram (CMD), obtained with the UH8K camera at the CFHT, reaches V(lim) = 24 and clearly shows the principal sequences of the cluster, though with substantial overall foreground absorption and differential reddening. The CMD morphology shows a well populated red horizontal branch with a sparser extension to the blue, similar to clusters such as NGC 1261, 1851, or 6229 with metallicities near [Fe/H] = -1.3$. From an average of several indicators, we estimate the foreground reddening at E(B-V) = 1.24 +- 0.07 and obtain a true distance modulus (m-M)_0 = 17.1 +- 0.3$, placing it about 34 kpc from the Galactic center. We use starcounts of the bright stars to measure the core radius, half-mass radius, and central concentration of the cluster. Its integrated luminosity is M_V = -7.9, making it clearly brighter and more massive than most other clusters in the outer halo.Comment: 25 pages, aastex, with 8 postscript figures; accepted for publication in AJ, September 1997. Also available by e-mail from [email protected]. Please consult Harris directly for (big) postscript files of Figures 1a,b (the images of the cluster

The tilt of mean sea level along the east coast of North America

The tilt of mean sea level along the North American east coast has been a subject of debate for many decades. Improvements in geoid and ocean circulation models, and GPS positioning of tide gauge benchmarks, provide an opportunity to produce new tilt estimates. Tilts estimated using tide gauge measurements referenced to high-resolution geoid models (the geodetic approach) and ocean circulation models (the ocean approach) are compared. The geodetic estimates are broadly similar, with tilts downward to the north through the Florida Straits and at Cape Hatteras. Estimates from the ocean approach show good agreement with the geodetic estimates, indicating a convergence of the two approaches and resolving the long standing debate as to the sign of the tilt. These tilts differ from those used by Yin and Goddard (2013) to support a link between changing ocean circulation and coastal sea level rise

Efficiency in the dairy barn, Station Bulletin, no.387

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Cooling of Quark Stars in the Color Superconductive Phase: Effect of Photons from Glueball decay

The cooling history of a quark star in the color superconductive phase is investigated. Here we specifically focus on the 2-flavour color (2SC) phase where novel process of photon generation via glueball (GLB) decay have been already investigated (Ouyed & Sannino 2001). The picture we present here can in principle be generalized to quark stars entering a superconductive phase where similar photon generation mechanisms are at play. As much as 10^{45}-10^{47} erg of energy is provided by the GLB decay in the 2SC phase. The generated photons slowly diffuse out of the quark star keeping it hot and radiating as a black-body (with possibly a Wien spectrum in gamma-rays) for millions of years. We discuss hot radio-quiet isolated neutron stars in our picture (such as RX J185635-3754 and RX J0720.4-3125) and argue that their nearly blackbody spectra (with a few broad features) and their remarkably tiny hydrogen atmosphere are indications that these might be quark stars in the color superconductive phase where some sort of photon generation mechanism (reminiscent of the GLB decay) has taken place. Fits to observed data of cooling compact stars favor models with superconductive gaps of Delta_2SC = 15-35 MeV and densities rho_2SC=(2.5-3.0)rho_N (rho_N being the nuclear matter saturation density) for quark matter in the 2SC phase. If correct, our model combined with more observations of isolated compact stars could provide vital information to studies of quark matter and its exotic phases.Comment: 7 journal pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS (more discussions on photon cooling versus neutrino cooling before and after pairing of quarks

Effects of Commercial Formaldehyde Inclusion and Lysine Level on Pig Performance of 35- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs

A total of 299 pigs (DNA 400 × 200; initial BW 33.6 lb) were used in a 14-d study to determine the effects of two separate commercial formaldehyde products (Termin-8; Anitox Corp, Lawrenceville, GA and SalCURB; Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA) on nursery pig performance. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design with three formaldehyde inclusions: none vs. 6.5 lb/ton SalCURB vs. 6.0 lb/ton Termin-8 and 2 Lys levels: Standard (1.25% SID Lys) vs. Low (1.10% SID Lys). Formaldehyde treatments were established based on supplier recommendations and diets were treated with supplier-specific equipment. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial BW and randomly allotted to one of six treatments with five pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Overall, there was a tendency (P \u3c 0.10) for a formaldehyde source × Lys level interaction to affect ADG and F/G, but not ADFI. Pigs fed diets with standard Lys levels, regardless of formaldehyde source, tended to have similar (P \u3e 0.10) ADG to one another, but greater (P \u3c 0.10) ADG than pigs fed low Lys levels treated with either formaldehyde source. Furthermore, pigs fed standard Lys levels treated with no formaldehyde or SalCURB tended to have improved (P \u3c 0.10) F/G compared to pigs fed standard Lys levels treated with Termin-8 or low Lys levels treated with no formaldehyde or SalCURB. Pigs fed diets with low Lys and treated with Termin-8 tended to have poorer (P \u3c 0.10) F/G than all other treatments. Regardless of source or Lys level, the inclusion of formaldehyde in nursery pig diets tended to reduce (P \u3c 0.10) ADG and resulted in poorer (P \u3c 0.05) F/G. Furthermore, the main effect of formaldehyde source affected (P \u3c 0.05) ADG, F/G, and tended to affect (P \u3c 0.10) ADFI, with pigs fed Termin-8 performing poorer than those fed SalCURB or no formaldehyde. As expected, Lys level affected (P \u3c 0.05) ADG and F/G, but did not alter ADFI (P \u3e 0.10). In summary, SalCURB inclusion did not alter nursery pig growth performance compared to the untreated basal diet, regardless of Lys level. However, the inclusion of Termin-8 tended to result in poorer F/G in standard Lys diets and poorer ADG and F/G in low Lys diets compared to an untreated control

Effects of Increasing Space Allowance by Removing a Pig or Gate Adjustment on Finishing Pig Growth Performance

A total of 256 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 123.1 lb) were used in a 71 d growth study to compare the effects of increasing space allowance by removing a pig or gate adjustment, on finishing pig growth performance. At the initiation of the trial, pens of pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to 1 of 4 space allowance treatments. The 4 treatments included: 1) 9.8 ft2/pig or 2) 6.8 ft2/pig for the entire study with treatments 3 and 4 initially providing 6.8 ft2, but either a gate was adjusted or the heaviest pig in the pen was removed to provide more space. By using the following equation, space adjustments were made to keep the pigs above their predicted minimum space requirement before growth is impacted: space [(m2) = 0.0336 × BW (kg)0.66]. There were initially 8 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment.From d 0 to 28, before any gate adjustments or pig removals, ADG tended to be greater (P = 0.076) for pigs allowed 9.8 ft2 compared with pigs stocked at 6.8 ft2. Overall, d 0 to 71, pigs allowed 9.8 ft2 had greater (P = 0.001) ADG compared with pigs with all other space allowances. Removing pigs or adjusting the gating increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those maintained at 6.8 ft2; however, both treatments had decreased (P = 0.001) ADG compared with pigs allowed 9.8 ft2. Most of the differences in ADG can be explained by differences in ADFI. Pigs allowed 9.8 ft2 had greater (P = 0.001) ADFI compared with pigs allowed 6.8 ft2; however, intake was similar for pigs allowed increased space by gate adjustment to pigs allowed 9.8 ft2. Pigs allowed increased space by pig removal had similar ADFI to pigs allowed 6.8 ft2. Space allowance did not influence feed efficiency.In summary, as expected, pigs with 9.8 ft2 grew faster and consumed more feed than pigs that were restricted in space. Furthermore, either removing a pig or adjusting the gating as pigs reached the critical k value influenced growth performance similarly. We speculated that along with pig growth, removing the heaviest pigs could have influenced social dynamics of the remaining pigs in the pen; however, our study indicates the performance benefit from removing the heaviest pig from the pen is primarily from the increased space allowance alone. As pigs grew to the minimum predicted space requirement and were subsequently allowed more space, performance was not similar compared to unrestricted pigs. This indicates the industry accepted minimum space prediction equation [m2 = 0.0336 × BW (kg)0.66] doesn’t fully explain the impacts on pig performance across multiple body weight ranges

Foreword and Supplemental Information, Swine Day

It is with great pleasure that we present the 2016 Swine Industry Day Report of Progress. This report contains updates and summaries of applied and basic research conducted at Kansas State University during the past year. We hope that the information will be of benefit as we attempt to meet the needs of the Kansas swine industry

Swine Day 2015 Supplements

It is with great pleasure that we present the 2015 Swine Industry Day Report of Progress. This report contains updates and summaries of applied and basic research conducted at Kansas State University during the past year. We hope that the information will be of benefit as we attempt to meet the needs of the Kansas swine industry