Effect of l-proline and l-tryptophan on somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pusa 169)

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In vitro differentiation of plantlets from tissue cultures of Albizzia lebbeck L.

Attempts at inducing differentiation in various explants of Albizzia lebbeck resulted in the production of abundant shoot buds from the hypocotyl, root, cotyledon and leaflet explants, both directly and indirectly (i.e. without and with the intervention of callus formation). Rooting was achieved on transfer of the shoots to BM +2 mg/1 IAA after some growth. The plants could be successfully transferred to soil, providing a method for mass propagation of this important leguminous tree species

Regeneration of plants from mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv

Protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia were isolated by a one step enzymatic method. They were cultured in Ohyama and Nitsch's medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l), benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and 14% sucrose. Cell divisions were initiated after 5 days and within 3 weeks colonies were discernible without the microscope. After transfer to Murashige and Skoog's medium containing IAA and kinetin the colonies differentiated into plantlets

Dark requirement for cell regeneration and colony formation by mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv

The protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia required darkness for cell regeneration and colony formation. Maximal plating efficiency of the protoplasts could be achieved by keeping the cultures in dark instead of light or dark/light sequence. Only two days of darkness prior to the illumination at 400 or 3,000 lux resulted in appreciable plating efficiency, than those of light from the beginning, but these values could not match the high plating efficiency in total darkness

Studies on the growth and flowering of a short-day plant, Wolffia microscopica

As found earlier, supply of EDTA was obligatory for both flowering and satisfactory vegetative growth in Wolffia microscopica. It is now shown that the metal affecting growth and flowering is most probably iron. Omission of Fe but not of Cu, Zn, Mn and B from the medium markedly affects vegetative growth. There exists also a strong interaction between EDTA and Fe, one being largely inactive in the absence of the other. When Fe-EDDHA is substituted for Fe-citrate and EDTA in the medium, no great effect is seen in vegetative growth, but flowering takes place even under continuous light. Studies with 59Fe show that, in the medium containing Fe-EDDHA, Fe uptake is stimulated several-fold; this is apparently associated with the flowering condition

Sodium chloride resistant cell line from haploid Datura innoxia mill. A resistance trait carried from cell to plantlet and vice versa in Vitro

A cell line resistant to sodium chloride was selected from callus cultures of haploid Datura innoxia by cloning under selective pressure. Cells of the resistant cell line retained their resistance even after subculture in absence of NaCl. Plantlets could be regenerated from resistant cells in the presence as well as absence of NaCl. In contrast, regeneration of plantlets was not possible from normal cells in the presence of NaCl, although regeneration readily occurred in the absence of NaCl. To examine the stability of the resistance in the long-term, callus cultures were initiated in presence of NaCl from stem expiants of the differentiated plantlets. All expiants of plantlets derived from resistant cells showed callus formation. This callus, derived from resistant explants, retained the trait of resistance upon subculture

Sharing the Risks of Bankruptcy: \u3ci\u3eTimbers\u3c/i\u3e, \u3ci\u3eAhlers\u3c/i\u3e, and Beyond

Bankruptcy policy appears to be in disarray. Recent decisions by the United States Supreme Court have only served to reinforce the uncertainties that mar the bankruptcy process. In United Savings Association of Texas v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Associates, Ltd., the Court held that an undersecured creditor was not entitled to interest on its collateral as compensation for the opportunity costs of delay caused by the bankruptcy process. Timbers thus supports the argument that secured creditors should be forced to share the burdens of bankruptcy with other claimants. Conversely, in Norwest Bank Worthington v. Ahlers, the Court held that the proposed contribution of future labor on the family farm could not trump the absolute priority rule that bars a debtor\u27s retention of an equity interest over the objections of senior creditors. Thus, Ahlers rejects the claim that secured creditors should be forced to share the burdens of bankruptcy through a liberalized contribution rule. Can these decisions be reconciled? And what light do they shed on the future of bankruptcy sharing? There are a number of ways to rationalize the results in Timbers and Ahlers through careful statutory and doctrinal analyses. The fact that this article does not address them does not belittle the value of careful allegiance to the Bankruptcy Code and prior case law in seeking to predict the future of bankruptcy law. Nevertheless, few would doubt that the Court could have written carefully reasoned opinions justifying the opposite result in each case. Thus, it seems probable that unacknowledged and unexpressed policy considerations may have influenced the Court. This article examines precisely what those policy goals are and what they imply for the future of federal bankruptcy. Part I of the article analyzes the traditional objectives of the bankruptcy process in terms of the techniques of contemporary legal analysis. This exercise is principally one of translation, the time-honored task of pouring old wine into new bottles. By attempting to recharacterize old truths in contemporary terms, I mean to clarify what those truths really mean. Thereafter, Part II sketches a theory that rationalizes the apparently conflicting objectives of bankruptcy law. The theory suggests that the Court\u27s decisions in Timbers and Ahlers are, in fact, entirely consistent and complementary. This approach thus provides a convenient benchmark for assessing how the burdens of bankruptcy ought best to be shared between various claimants of different classes

Androgenic response from cultured anthers of a leguminous tree, Cassia siamea Lam

Anthers of Cassia siamea, on culture on B5 medium supplemented with coconut milk (15%, v/v), 2,4-D (2 mg/l), and kinetin (0.5 mg/l), split open after one to two weeks of inoculation and eject a callus mass. Microscopic examination of the anthers cultured at the late uninucleate or early bi-celled stages, after 7-14 days of culture, revealed many multicellular structures at various stages of development, thus indicating the pollen origin of callus. Callus cells also showed the haploid chromosome number (n=14)