Magnetic field generation by pointwise zero-helicity three-dimensional steady flow of incompressible electrically conducting fluid

We introduce six families of three-dimensional space-periodic steady solenoidal flows, whose kinetic helicity density is zero at any point. Four families are analytically defined. Flows in four families have zero helicity spectrum. Sample flows from five families are used to demonstrate numerically that neither zero kinetic helicity density, nor zero helicity spectrum prohibit generation of large-scale magnetic field by the two most prominent dynamo mechanisms: the magnetic $\alpha$-effect and negative eddy diffusivity. Our computations also attest that such flows often generate small-scale field for sufficiently small magnetic molecular diffusivity. These findings indicate that kinetic helicity and helicity spectrum are not the quantities controlling the dynamo properties of a flow regardless of whether scale separation is present or not.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures, 54 reference

Charges of Exceptionally Twisted Branes

The charges of the exceptionally twisted (D4 with triality and E6 with charge conjugation) D-branes of WZW models are determined from the microscopic/CFT point of view. The branes are labeled by twisted representations of the affine algebra, and their charge is determined to be the ground state multiplicity of the twisted representation. It is explicitly shown using Lie theory that the charge groups of these twisted branes are the same as those of the untwisted ones, confirming the macroscopic K-theoretic calculation. A key ingredient in our proof is that, surprisingly, the G2 and F4 Weyl dimensions see the simple currents of A2 and D4, respectively.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, LaTex2e, complete proofs of all statements, updated bibliograph

Network Friendly P2P-TV: The Napa-Wine Approach

DEMO Sessio

D-brane charges on non-simply connected groups

The maximally symmetric D-branes of string theory on the non-simply connected Lie group SU(n)/Z_d are analysed using conformal field theory methods, and their charges are determined. Unlike the well understood case for simply connected groups, the charge equations do not determine the charges uniquely, and the charge group associated to these D-branes is therefore in general not cyclic. The precise structure of the charge group depends on some number theoretic properties of n, d, and the level of the underlying affine algebra k. The examples of SO(3)=SU(2)/Z_2 and SU(3)/Z_3 are worked out in detail, and the charge groups for SU(n)/Z_d at most levels k are determined explicitly.Comment: 31 pages, 1 figure. 2 refs added. Added the observation: the charge group for each su(2) theory equals the centre of corresponding A-D-E grou

Twisted brane charges for non-simply connected groups

The charges of the twisted branes for strings on the group manifold SU(n)/Z_d are determined. To this end we derive explicit (and remarkably simple) formulae for the relevant NIM-rep coefficients. The charge groups of the twisted and untwisted branes are compared and found to agree for the cases we consider.Comment: 30 page

Effect of endothelial cell heterogeneity on nanoparticle uptake

Endothelial cells exhibit distinct properties in morphology and functions in different organs that can be exploited for nanomedicine targeting. In this work, endothelial cells from different organs, i.e. brain, lung, liver, and kidney, were exposed to plain, carboxylated, and amino-modified silica. As expected, different protein coronas were formed on the different nanoparticle types and these changed when foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum were used. Uptake efficiencies differed strongly in the different endothelia, confirming that the cells retained some of their organ-specific differences. However, all endothelia showed higher uptake for the amino modified silica in FBS, but, interestingly, this changed to the carboxylated silica when human serum was used, confirming that differences in the protein corona affect uptake preferences by cells. Thus, uptake rates of fluid phase markers and transferrin were determined in liver and brain endothelium to compare their endocytic activity. Overall, our results showed that endothelial cells of different organs have very different nanoparticle uptake efficiency, likely due to differences in receptor expression, affinity, and activity. A thorough characterization of phenotypic differences in the endothelia lining different organs is key to the development of targeted nanomedicine

Max Schottelius : Pioneer in Pheochromocytoma

First descriptions of diseases attract tremendous interest because they reveal scientific insight even in retrospect. Max Schottelius, the pathologist contributing the first histological description of pheochromocytoma, remains anonymous. We reviewed the description by Schottelius and weighed the report in modern context. Schottelius described the classical diagnostic elements of pheochromocytoma, including the brown appearance after exposure to chromate-containing Mueller's fixative. This color change, known as chromaffin reaction, results fromoxidation of catecholamines and is reflected in the name pheochromocytoma, meaning dusky-colored chromate-positive tumor. Thus Schottelius performed the first known histochemical contribution to diagnosis, which is today standard with immunohistochemistry for chromogranin. Copyright (c) 2017 Endocrine Society This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial, No-Derivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND).Peer reviewe

D-brane charges on SO(3)

In this letter we discuss charges of D-branes on the group manifold SO(3). Our discussion will be based on a conformal field theory analysis of boundary states in a Z_2-orbifold of SU(2). This orbifold differs from the one recently discussed by Gaberdiel and Gannon in its action on the fermions and leads to a drastically different charge group. We shall consider maximally symmetric branes as well as branes with less symmetry, and find perfect agreement with a recent computation of the corresponding K-theory groups.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure. Some comments adde

ActDES- a Curated Actinobacterial Database for Evolutionary Studies

Actinobacteria is a large and diverse phylum of bacteria that contains medically and ecologically relevant organisms. Many members are valuable sources of bioactive natural products and chemical precursors that are exploited in the clinic and made using the enzyme pathways encoded in their complex genomes. Whilst the number of sequenced genomes has increased rapidly in the last 20 years, the large size, complexity and high G+C content of many actinobacterial genomes means that the sequences remain incomplete and consist of large numbers of contigs with poor annotation, which hinders large-scale comparative genomic and evolutionary studies. To enable greater understanding and exploitation of actinobacterial genomes, specialized genomic databases must be linked to high-quality genome sequences. Here, we provide a curated database of 612 high-quality actinobacterial genomes from 80 genera, chosen to represent a broad phylogenetic group with equivalent genome re-annotation. Utilizing this database will provide researchers with a framework for evolutionary and metabolic studies, to enable a foundation for genome and metabolic engineering, to facilitate discovery of novel bioactive therapeutics and studies on gene family evolution. This article contains data hosted by Microreact