1,733 research outputs found
Origin of the Thermal Radiation in a Solid-State Analog of a Black-Hole
An effective black-hole-like horizon occurs, for electromagnetic waves in
matter, at a surface of singular electric and magnetic permeabilities. In a
physical dispersive medium this horizon disappears for wave numbers with
. Nevertheless, it is shown that Hawking radiation is still emitted if
free field modes with are in their ground state.Comment: 13 Pages, 3 figures, Revtex with epsf macro
Spinning String and Giant Graviton in Electric/Magnetic Field Deformed
We apply the transformation of mixing azimuthal and internal coordinate or
mixing time and internal coordinate to the 11D M-theory with a stack of
M2-branes M2-branes, then, through the mechanism of Kaluza-Klein
reduction and a series of the T duality we obtain the corresponding background
of a stack of D1-branes D5-branes which, in the near-horizon limit,
becomes the magnetic or electric Melvin field deformed . We find the giant graviton solution in the deformed spacetime and see
that the configuration whose angular momentum is within a finite region could
has a fixed size and become more stable than the point-like graviton, in
contrast to the undeformed giant graviton which only exists when its angular
momentum is a specific value and could have arbitrary size. We discuss in
detail the properties of how the electric/magnetic Melvin field will affect the
size of the giant gravitons. We also adopt an ansatz to find the classical
string solutions which are rotating in the deformed with an angular
momentum in the rotation plane. The spinning string and giant graviton
solutions we obtained show that the external magnetic/electric flux will
increase the solution energy. Therefore, from the AdS/CFT point of view, the
corrections of the anomalous dimensions of operators in the dual field theory
will be positive. Finally, we also see that the spinning string and giant
graviton in the near-horizon spacetime of Melvin field deformed D5-branes
background have the similar properties as those in the deformed .Comment: Latex 21 pages, slightly detail calculation
Wind turbine gearbox condition monitoring : experimental validation of a thermal network model
Condition monitoring is an important part of predictive maintenance. Early detection of incipient faults prevents major component failures and allows for the implementation of predictive repair strategies. Gearboxes are responsible for up to one third of all lost wind turbine availability1 , each failure downtime of around 600 hours2 . Deterioration of the drivetrain components will often be reflected in an increase in losses, as a result of increased friction or a reduced efficiency of energy transfer in the cooling mechanism, resulting in elevated temperatures3 . Monitoring temperature changes are useful to understand how the thermal behaviour of a gearbox can change as a result of a fault. In the author’s previous research, a thermal network model of a ”healthy” gearbox was produced. The model was partially validated by prelimary experimental data using an 11kW wind turbine gearbox test rig located at University of Strathclyde. Figure 1 shows the how this research links together. The confidence in the preliminary experiment is limited due to the simplistic nature of the data aquisition (DAQ) equipment. The DAQ system itself plays a significant role, as temperature measurement method influences diagnostic capabilities. A number of studies in literature used experimental methods to use temperature to detect faults4 , in most cases the input variables and measurement uncertainty weren’t quantified. This research focusses on improving the certainty of the experimental data by redeveloping the DAQ system and experiment strategy to improve accuracy. Figure 2 shows all aspects of experiment that have been taken into consideration to ensure validity, reliability and reproducibility. The experiment was carried out on a ”healthy” gearbox, with 8 point sensors and a thermal camera. The rotational speed was fixed and the torque was varied to reflect the wind turbine operation. The results show the way in which heat propagates through the gearbox, and are compared to the thermal model to identify normal operational losses. Faults were then simulated on the test rig with the addition of heat at component locations. The magnitude and location of the applied heat were varied to imitate failure modes. The results show how the additional heat propagates to other parts of the gearbox and indicate the extent to which a fault can be detected. These results can also be used to validate the simulated faults in the thermal model. The outcome of this research can determine if temperature measurements can be used to detect and locate faults, to make condition monitoring more accurate
Computing the spectrum of black hole radiation in the presence of high frequency dispersion: an analytical approach
We present a method for computing the spectrum of black hole radiation of a
scalar field satisfying a wave equation with high frequency dispersion. The
method involves a combination of Laplace transform and WKB techniques for
finding approximate solutions to ordinary differential equations. The modified
wave equation is obtained by adding a higher order derivative term suppressed
by powers of a fundamental momentum scale to the ordinary wave equation.
Depending on the sign of this new term, high frequency modes propagate either
superluminally or subluminally. We show that the resulting spectrum of created
particles is thermal at the Hawking temperature, and further that the out-state
is a thermal state at the Hawking temperature, to leading order in , for
either modification.Comment: 26 pages, plain latex, 6 figures included using psfi
Trans-Planckian Tail in a Theory with a Cutoff
Trans-planckian frequencies can be mimicked outside a black-hole horizon as a
tail of an exponentially large amplitude wave that is mostly hidden behind the
horizon. The present proposal requires implementing a final state condition.
This condition involves only frequencies below the cutoff scale. It may be
interpreted as a condition on the singularity. Despite the introduction of the
cutoff, the Hawking radiation is restored for static observers. Freely falling
observers see empty space outside the horizon, but are "heated" as they cross
the horizon.Comment: 17 pages, RevTe
Large quantum gravity effects: Unexpected limitations of the classical theory
3-dimensional gravity coupled to Maxwell (or Klein-Gordon) fields is exactly
soluble under the assumption of axi-symmetry. The solution is used to probe
several quantum gravity issues. In particular, it is shown that the quantum
fluctuations in the geometry are large unless the number and frequency of
photons satisfy the inequality . Thus, even when
there is a single photon of Planckian frequency, the quantum uncertainties in
the metric are significant. Results hold also for a sector of the 4-dimensional
theory (consisting of Einstein Rosen gravitational waves).Comment: 8 pages, No figures, ReVTe
Instability of non-supersymmetric smooth geometries
Recently certain non-supersymmetric solutions of type IIb supergravity were
constructed [hep-th/0504181], which are everywhere smooth, have no horizons and
are thought to describe certain non-BPS microstates of the D1-D5 system. We
demonstrate that these solutions are all classically unstable. The instability
is a generic feature of horizonless geometries with an ergoregion. We consider
the endpoint of this instability and argue that the solutions decay to
supersymmetric configurations. We also comment on the implications of the
ergoregion instability for Mathur's `fuzzball' proposal.Comment: v2: typos corrected, reference adde
Canonical differential geometry of string backgrounds
String backgrounds and D-branes do not possess the structure of Lorentzian
manifolds, but that of manifolds with area metric. Area metric geometry is a
true generalization of metric geometry, which in particular may accommodate a
B-field. While an area metric does not determine a connection, we identify the
appropriate differential geometric structure which is of relevance for the
minimal surface equation in such a generalized geometry. In particular the
notion of a derivative action of areas on areas emerges naturally. Area metric
geometry provides new tools in differential geometry, which promise to play a
role in the description of gravitational dynamics on D-branes.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, improved journal versio
When Black Holes Meet Kaluza-Klein Bubbles
We explore the physical consequences of a recently discovered class of exact
solutions to five dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory. We find a number of
surprising features including: (1) In the presence of a Kaluza-Klein bubble,
there are arbitrarily large black holes with topology S^3. (2) In the presence
of a black hole or a black string, there are expanding bubbles (with de Sitter
geometry) which never reach null infinity. (3) A bubble can hold two black
holes of arbitrary size in static equilibrium. In particular, two large black
holes can be close together without merging to form a single black hole.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, v2: few comments on stability modifie
Hawking radiation without black hole entropy
In this Letter I point out that Hawking radiation is a purely kinematic
effect that is generic to Lorentzian geometries. Hawking radiation arises for
any test field on any Lorentzian geometry containing an event horizon
regardless of whether or not the Lorentzian geometry satisfies the dynamical
Einstein equations of general relativity. On the other hand, the classical laws
of black hole mechanics are intrinsically linked to the Einstein equations of
general relativity (or their perturbative extension into either semiclassical
quantum gravity or string-inspired scenarios). In particular, the laws of black
hole thermodynamics, and the identification of the entropy of a black hole with
its area, are inextricably linked with the dynamical equations satisfied by the
Lorentzian geometry: entropy is proportional to area (plus corrections) if and
only if the dynamical equations are the Einstein equations (plus corrections).
It is quite possible to have Hawking radiation occur in physical situations in
which the laws of black hole mechanics do not apply, and in situations in which
the notion of black hole entropy does not even make any sense. This observation
has important implications for any derivation of black hole entropy that seeks
to deduce black hole entropy from the Hawking radiation.Comment: Uses ReV_TeX 3.0; Five pages in two-column forma
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