Anticancer chemotherapy in teenagers and young adults: managing long term side effects.

SSA is supported by the Cambridge Cancer Centre.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from BMJ Group at http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4567

ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth Observation using GMRT

During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India, was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The Doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real‐time aliveness indicator to European Space Agency mission operations during the critical EDL stage of the mission

Neurocognitive dysfunction after treatment for pediatric brain tumors:Subtype-specific findings and proposal for brain network-informed evaluations

The increasing number of long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors requires us to incorporate the most recent knowledge derived from cognitive neuroscience into their oncological treatment. As the lesion itself, as well as each treatment, can cause specific neural damage, the long-term neurocognitive outcomes are highly complex and challenging to assess. The number of neurocognitive studies in this population grows exponentially worldwide, motivating modern neuroscience to provide guidance in follow-up before, during and after treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of structural and functional brain connectomes and their role in the neuropsychological outcomes of specific brain tumor types. Based on this information, we propose a theoretical neuroscientific framework to apply appropriate neuropsychological and imaging follow-up for future clinical care and rehabilitation trials

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: review of MR imaging findings

Objectives To review the epidemiological and clinical features of primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC), and to illustrate the spectrum of MRI findings, with pathological confirmation. Methods This article reviews the relevant literature on the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging features of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, with pathological confirmation, using illustrations from the authors' teaching files. Results Primary fallopian tube carcinoma came under focus over the last few years due to its possible role on the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian and peritoneal cancers. Typical symptoms, together with the presence of some of the most characteristic MRI signs, such as a "sausage-shaped" pelvic mass, hydrosalpinx, and hydrometra, may signal the presence of primary fallopian cancer, and allow the radiologist to report it as a differential diagnosis. Conclusions Primary fallopian tube carcinoma has a constellation of clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging features, which may be diagnostic. Although these findings are not present together in the majority of cases, radiologists who are aware of them may include the diagnosis of primary fallopian tube cancer in their report more frequently and with more confidence. Teaching Points PFTC may be more frequent than previously thought PFTC has specific clinical and MRI characteristics Knowledge of typical PFTC signs enables its inclusion in the differential diagnosis PFTC is currently staged under the 2013 FIGO system PFTC is staged collectively with ovarian and peritoneal neoplasmsinfo:eu-repo/remantics/publishedVersio

ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth Observation using GMRT

During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India, was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The Doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real‐time aliveness indicator to European Space Agency mission operations during the critical EDL stage of the mission

Rice area mapping in Palakkad district of Kerala using Sentinel-2 data and Geographic information system technique

Proper calculation of rice cultivation area well before harvest is critical for projecting rice yields and developing policies to assure food security. This research looks at how Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used to map rice fields in Palakkad district of Kerala. The area was delineated using three multi-temporal cloud free Sentinel-2 data with 10 m spatial resolution, matching to crop's reproductive stage during mundakan season (September-October to December-January), 2020-21. To make classification easier, the administrative boundary of district was placed over the mosaicked image. The rice acreage estimation and land use classification of the major rice tract of Palakkad district comprising five blocks was done using Iterative Self-Organisation Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) unsupervised classification provision in ArcGIS 10.1 software, employing False Colour Composite (FCC) including Blue (B2), Green (B3), Red (B4) and Near-infrared (B8) Bands of Sentinel-2 images. The classification accuracy was determined by locating a total of 60 validation points throughout the district, comprising 30 rice and 30 non-rice points. The total estimated area was 24742.76 ha, with an average accuracy of 88.33% and kappa coefficient 0.766 in five blocks of Palakkad district. The information generated will be helpful in assessing the anticipated production as well as the water demand of the rice fields

Microbial community composition of deep-sea corals from the Red Sea provides insight into functional adaption to a unique environment

Microbes associated with deep-sea corals remain poorly studied. The lack of symbiotic algae suggests that associated microbes may play a fundamental role in maintaining a viable coral host via acquisition and recycling of nutrients. Here we employed 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to study bacterial communities of three deep-sea scleractinian corals from the Red Sea, Dendrophyllia sp., Eguchipsammia fistula, and Rhizotrochus typus. We found diverse, species-specific microbiomes, distinct from the surrounding seawater. Microbiomes were comprised of few abundant bacteria, which constituted the majority of sequences (up to 58% depending on the coral species). In addition, we found a high diversity of rare bacteria (taxa at 90% of all bacteria). Interestingly, we identified anaerobic bacteria, potentially providing metabolic functions at low oxygen conditions, as well as bacteria harboring the potential to degrade crude oil components. Considering the presence of oil and gas fields in the Red Sea, these bacteria may unlock this carbon source for the coral host. In conclusion, the prevailing environmental conditions of the deep Red Sea (>20 °C, <2 mg oxygen L−1) may require distinct functional adaptations, and our data suggest that bacterial communities may contribute to coral functioning in this challenging environment.This work was supported from baseline funds to CRV and under the Center Competitive Funding (CCF) Program FCC/1/1973-18-01 by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Comparative Dissolution Profile Study Of Aciclovir In Solid Dosage Formulations

This study compares the in vitro efficacy of two distinct brands of acyclovir tablets with the same strength—ACYPROVE-200 (Aciclovir&nbsp; Tablet IP) and ZOVIRAX TABLETS (Aciclovir Tablet IP200MG).Friability, hardness, thickness, solubility, and weight fluctuation tests are only a few of the many comparisons. The most crucial test that enables us to ascertain the precise concentration of the active ingredient (acyclovir) in every capsule and the quantity of medication discharged from these formulations is the dissolution test.Because of its great solubility and limited permeability, the medication aciclovir is categorized as Class III in the BCS classification.Dissolution tests were conducted in acid medium, pH 4.5 buffer medium, and pH 6.8 buffer medium in this study. The dissolution rate is determined by measuring the amount of medication released at intervals of 10, 15, and 30 minutes. The results also show the similarity and difference between the two products.The study concludes that there is a range of 0–15 and 50–100 for the Difference factor (f1) and Similarity factor (f2) between "ACYPROVE-200 (Aciclovir Tablet IP) and ZOVIRAX TABLETS (Aciclovir Tablet IP200MG).

Single domain soft ferromagnetic ferrofluid suitable for intratumoural magnetic hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia is an effective modality for treating cancerous cells selectively at the intracellular level via proper administration, surface tagging and appropriate choice of magnetic nanoparticle. Also, achieving the therapeutic temperature with as much low concentration of nanoparticles, as possible, is desirable. Recently, ferromagnetic nanoparticles or ferrofluid are gaining attention as effective magnetic hyperthermia agents due to their enhanced heating potential under in vivo conditions. In the present work, we have fabricated citrate capped cobalt ferrite ferrofluid via a simple two-step process and investigated the physicochemical, magnetic and induction heating performance. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticle is 9 ± 4.3 nm which is suitable for intracellular hyperthermia and has the advantage that it can be easily eliminated from the body through renal clearance. The M(T) measurement of the ferrofluid confirmed the soft ferromagnetic behavior. The induction heating potential of the ferrofluid prepared was tested at different concentrations (1, 2, 5 & 10 mg/ml), suspension medium and alternating magnetic fields (15, 30 & 45 kA/m) with a fixed frequency of 316 kHz. Under a viscous environment, 1 mg/ml sample subjected to 45 kA/m reached the hyperthermia temperature within 160 s and the specific loss power was found to be 297 W/g(Co+Fe). Hence, the synthesized ferrofluid is suitable for intratumoural hyperthermia