Effect of Mineral Fertiliser Levels on the Yield Quality of Perennial Ryegrass

Perennial ryegrass is a short-lived bunch-grass with shallow root system. The plant is nutritious and palatable and stands up to hard grazing. It will not do well under poor conditions, where fertility or rainfall is low. Perennial ryegrass is a major component in different seed mixtures that are used for grassland management and forage production. This plant is the predominant component in nearly all pasture mixtures, with perennial ryegrass and white or red clover forming the basis for permanent pasture for dairy production and cattle. This grass species plays an important role in grassland productivity and forage quality. Ryegrass requires high fertility levels for good production. The significance of ryegrass to agriculture is reflected by the huge investments in research. The aim of work is to determine the balanced rate of mineral fertilisers in ryegrass seed field

The Leading Particle Effect from Heavy-Quark Recombination

The leading particle effect in charm hadroproduction is an enhancement of the cross section for a charmed hadron D in the forward direction of the beam when the beam hadron has a valence parton in common with the D. The large D+/D- asymmetry observed by the E791 experiment is an example of this phenomenon. We show that the heavy-quark recombination mechanism provides an economical explanation for this effect. In particular, the D+/D- asymmetry can be fit reasonably well using a single parameter whose value is consistent with a recent determination from charm photoproduction.Comment: Revtex file, 4 pages, 3 figure

Characteristics of alpha projectile fragments emission in interaction of nuclei with emulsion

The properties of the relativistic alpha fragments produced in interactions of 84^Kr at around 1 A GeV in nuclear emulsion are investigated. The experimental results are compared with the similar results obtained from various projectiles with emulsion interactions at different energies. The total, partial nuclear cross-sections and production rates of alpha fragmentation channels in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and their dependence on the mass number and initial energy of the incident projectile nucleus are investigated. The yields of multiple alpha fragments emitted from the interactions of projectile nuclei with the nuclei of light, medium and heavy target groups of emulsion-detector are discussed and they indicate that the projectile-breakup mechanism seems to be free from the target mass number. It is found that the multiplicity distributions of alpha fragments are well described by the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling presentation. The mean multiplicities of the freshly produced newly created charged secondary particles, normally known as shower and secondary particles associated with target in the events where the emission of alpha fragments were accompanied by heavy projectile fragments having Z value larger than 4 seem to be constant as the alpha fragments multiplicity increases, and exhibit a behavior independent of the alpha fragments multiplicity.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables (in press

The health status evaluation of employees of the administrative department in a petrochemical company

The structure and dynamics of illnesses with a temporary loss of working ability have been analyzed in the current article. The research refers to the employees of the main office of the plant «Polymir» JSC «Naftan». It has been revealed that in the research period in the main office no professional diseases were registered. It has been discovered that the long-term average annual morbidity rate for the employees is close to the average morbidity rate with a temporary loss of working ability (further referred to as TLWA)

Fragmentation channels of relativistic 7^7Be nuclei in peripheral interactions

Nuclei of $^7$Li were accelerated at the JINR Nuclotron. After the charge-exchange reaction involving these nuclei at an external target a second $^7$Be beam of energy 1.23A GeV was formed. This beam was used to expose photo-emulsion chambers. The mean free path for inelastic $^7$Be interactions in emulsion $\lambda$=14.0$\pm$0.8 cm coincides within the errors with those for $^6$Li and $^7$Li nuclei. More than 10% of the $^7$Be events are associated with the peripheral interactions in which the total charge of the relativistic fragments is equal to the charge of the $^7$Be and in which charged mesons are not produced. An unusual ratio of the isotopes is revealed in the composition of the doubly charged $^7$Be fragments: the number of $^3$He fragments is twice as large as that of $^4$He fragments. In 50% of peripheral interactions, a $^7$Be nucleus decays to two doubly charged fragments. The present paper gives the channels of the $^7$Be fragmentation to charged fragments. In 50% of events, the $^7$Be fragmentation proceeds only to charged fragments involving no emission of neutrons. Of them, the $^3$He+$^4$He channel dominates, the $^4$He+d+p and $^6$Li+pchannels constitute 10% each. Two events involving no emission of neutrons are registered in the 3-body $^3$He+t+p and $^3$He+d+d channels. The mean free path for the coherent dissociation of relativistic $^7$Be nuclei to $^3$He+$^4$He is 7$\pm$1 m. The particular features of the relativistic $^7$Be fragmentation in such peripheral interactions are explained by the $^3$He+$^4$He 2-cluster structure of the $^7$Be nucleus.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, conference: Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Moscow, Russia, 5-9 Dec 200

The leading particle effect from light quark fragmentation in charm hadroproduction

The asymmetry of $D^-$ and $D^+$ meson production in $\pi^-N$ scattering observed by the E791 experiment is a typical phenomenon known as the leading particle effect in charm hadroproducton. We show that the phenomenon can be explained by the effect of light quark fragmentation into charmed hadrons (LQF). Meanwhile, the size of the LQF effect is estimated from data of the E791 experiment. A comparison is made with the estimate of the LQF effect from prompt like-sign dimuon rate in neutrino experiments. The influence of the LQF effect on the measurement of nucleon strange distribution asymmetry from charged current charm production processes is briefly discussed.Comment: 6 latex pages, 1 figure, to appear in EPJ

Enabling comparison of UrQMD with Geant4 hadronic models

Geant4 has an abundant set of physics models that handle the diverse interaction of particles with matter across a wide energy range. However, there are also many well established reaction codes currently used in the same fields where Geant4 is applied. One such code is the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model. In order to take advantage of the UrQMD code, we create a tool to enable comparisons among UrQMD and Geant4 hadronic models. This tool allows a user to process the output file of UrQMD through Geant4 toolkit, while at the same time, can choose among different Geant4 hadronic model generators. As an example, the UrQMD model is compared with the HARP-CDP experimental data and with the Binary and FRITIOF generators, in the framework of Geant4. It is shown that the UrQMD model can better reproduce charged pion production for p+Cu and Pb interactions at 3, 8 and 15 GeV/c, and is a good candidate for Geant4 hadronic models.Comment: 17 pages, 5 Figure