Correlation of Notions “Democracy”, “Modernization”, “Democratic Transit”

Correlation of notions “democracy”, “modernization” and “democratic transit” is under study. The author sets forth the fundamentals, compares different modern approaches and assessments of democratic transit theory. The grounds to use the theory of democratic transit in modern history studies are given

Unusual features in the nonlinear microwave surface impedance of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films

Striking features have been found in the nonlinear microwave (8 GHz) surface impedance $Z_s=R_s + jX_s$ of high-quality YBaCuO thin films with comparable low power characteristics [$R_{res}\sim 35--60 \mu\Omega$ and $\lambda_L(15 K)\sim 130--260 nm$]. The surface resistance $R_s$ is found to increase, decrease, or remain independent of the microwave field $H_{rf}$ (up to 60 mT) at different temperatures and for different samples. However, the surface reactance $X_s$ always follows the same functional form. Mechanisms which may be responsible for the observed variations in $R_s$ and $X_s$ are briefly discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Tunable coaxial cavity resonator for linear and nonlinear microwave characterization of superconducting wires

We discuss experimental results obtained using a tunable cylindrical coaxial cavity constituted by an outer Cu cylinder and an inner Pb-BSCCO wire. We have used this device for investigating the microwave response of the superconducting wire, both in the linear and nonlinear regimes. In particular, by tuning the different modes of the cavity to make them resonant at exactly harmonic frequencies, we have detected the power emitted by the superconducting inner wire at the second- and third-harmonic frequency of the driving field. The results obtained in the nonlinear regime, whether for the microwave surface impedance or the harmonic emission, are qualitatively accounted for considering intergrain fluxon dynamics. The use of this kind of device can be of strong interest to investigate and characterise wires of large dimensions to be used for implementing superconducting-based microwave devices.Comment: 14 pages, 6 embedded figures, accepted for publication in Supercond. Sci. Techno

Pattern formation on the surface of cationic-anionic cylindrical aggregates

Charged pattern formation on the surfaces of self--assembled cylindrical micelles formed from oppositely charged heterogeneous molecules such as cationic and anionic peptide amphiphiles is investigated. The net incompatibility $\chi$ among different components results in the formation of segregated domains, whose growth is inhibited by electrostatics. The transition to striped phases proceeds through an intermediate structure governed by fluctuations, followed by states with various lamellar orientations, which depend on cylinder radius $R_c$ and $\chi$. We analyze the specific heat, susceptibility $S(q^*)$, domain size $\Lambda=2\pi/q^*$ and morphology as a function of $R_c$ and $\chi$.Comment: Sent to PRL 11Jan05 Transferred from PRL to PRE 10Jun0

Mechanisms of arsenic clustering in silicon

A model of arsenic clustering in silicon is proposed and analyzed. The main feature of the proposed model is the assumption that negatively charged arsenic complexes play a dominant role in the clustering process. To confirm this assumption, electron density and concentration of impurity atoms incorporated into the clusters are calculated as functions of the total arsenic concentration. A number of the negatively charged clusters incorporating a point defect and one or more arsenic atoms are investigated. It is shown that for the doubly negatively charged clusters or for clusters incorporating more than one arsenic atom the electron density reaches a maximum value and then monotonically and slowly decreases as total arsenic concentration increases. In the case of doubly negatively charged cluster incorporating two arsenic atoms, the calculated electron density agrees well with the experimental data. Agreement with the experiment confirms the conclusion that two arsenic atoms participate in the cluster formation. Among all present models, the proposed model of clustering by formation of doubly negatively charged cluster incorporating two arsenic atoms gives the best fit to the experimental data and can be used in simulation of high concentration arsenic diffusion.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. Revised and shortened version of the paper has been published in Phys. Rev. B, Vol.74 (3), art. no. 035205 (2006

The vertex coordinates of the Galaxy's stellar systems according to the Gaia DR3 catalogue

We present the results of determining the coordinates of the vertices of various stellar systems, the centroids of which are located in the Galactic plane. To do this, the positions, parallaxes, proper motions, and radial velocities of red giants and subgiants contained in the $Gaia$~DR3 catalogue have been used. When determining the components of the deformation velocity tensors in local coordinate systems, we found the coordinates of the vertices of the stellar systems under study. It turned out that there is a complex dependence of vertex deviations $l_{xy}$ in Galactocentric cylindrical ($R, \theta$) and Galactic rectangular ($X,Y$) coordinates. Based on the approach proposed in this paper, heliocentric distances to vertices have been determined for the first time. The results obtained show that in addition to the fact that the angular coordinates of the Galactic center and the vertices of stellar systems do not coincide, their heliocentric distances do not coincide as well. This presumably indicates that there are structures in the Galaxy that noticeably affect its axisymmetry.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, 1 table

Leukocytes phagocytic activity under moderate hypotension conditions in some representatives of bony fish, amphibians and reptiles

The leukocytes phagocytic activity against Bacillus subtilis and agromerulated latex particles in representatives of bony fish, amphibians and reptiles under reduced medium osmolarity conditions was studied. It was found that in moderate hypotension compared with isotonia, the white blood cells absorption capacity of the fish was not changed, but it was reduced for amphibians and reptile