667 research outputs found
Topological Phases in Graphitic Cones
The electronic structure of graphitic cones exhibits distinctive topological
features associated with the apical disclinations. Aharonov-Bohm
magnetoconductance oscillations (period Phi_0) are completely absent in rings
fabricated from cones with a single pentagonal disclination. Close to the apex,
the local density of states changes qualitatively, either developing a cusp
which drops to zero at the Fermi energy, or forming a region of nonzero density
across the Fermi energy, a local metalization of graphene.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX 4, 3 PostScript figure
A continuous isotropic-nematic liquid crystalline transition of F-actin solutions
The phase transition from the isotropic (I) to nematic (N) liquid crystalline
suspension of F-actin of average length m or above was studied by local
measurements of optical birefringence and protein concentration. Both
parameters were detected to be continuous in the transition region, suggesting
that the I-N transition is higher than 1st order. This finding is consistent
with a recent theory by Lammert, Rokhsar & Toner (PRL, 1993, 70:1650),
predicting that the I-N transition may become continuous due to suppression of
disclinations. Indeed, few line defects occur in the aligned phase of F-actin.
Individual filaments in solutions of a few mg/ml F-actin undergo fast
translational diffusion along the filament axis, whereas both lateral and
rotational diffusions are suppressed.Comment: 4 pages with 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Nonperturbative approach to the Hubbard model in C60 cluster
We propose a computational scheme for the Hubbard model in the C60 cluster in
which the interaction with the Fermi sea of charges added to the neutral
molecule is switched on sequentially. This is applied to the calculation of the
balance of charging energies, within a low-energy truncation of the space of
states which produces moderate errors for an intermediate range of the
interaction strength.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, 2 figure
Dephthaloylation of Phthalimido-Containing Cephalosporins and Penicillins
Dephthaloylation of phthalimido functionalized cephalosporins
and penicillins via the corresponding phthalisoimides was performed.
Experimental procedures and mechanism of reaction are
described
Theory of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Tunnelling in Cuprate Superconductors
A theory capable of explaining intrinsic and extrinsic tunnelling conductance
in underdoped cuprates has been devised that accounts for the existence of two
energy scales, their temperature and doping dependencies. The asymmetry and
inhomogeneity seen in extrinsic (normal metal - superconductor (NS)) tunnelling
and the normal-state gapped intrinsic (SS) conductance is explained, as well as
the superconducting gap and normal state pseudogap and the temperature
dependence of the full gap.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, misprints correcte
Off-diagonal Interactions, Hund's Rules and Pair-binding in Hubbard Molecules
We have studied the effect of including nearest-neighbor, electron-electron
interactions, in particular the off-diagonal (non density-density) terms, on
the spectra of truncated tetrahedral and icosahedral ``Hubbard molecules,''
focusing on the relevance of these systems to the physics of doped C.
Our perturbation theoretic and exact diagonalization results agree with
previous work in that the density-density term suppresses pair-binding.
However, we find that for the parameter values of interest for the
off-diagonal terms {\em enhance} pair-binding, though not enough to offset the
suppression due to the density-density term. We also find that the critical
interaction strengths for the Hund's rules violating level crossings in
C, C and C are quite insensitive to the
inclusion of these additional interactions.Comment: 20p + 5figs, Revtex 3.0, UIUC preprint P-94-10-08
Dirac fermions on a disclinated flexible surface
A self-consisting gauge-theory approach to describe Dirac fermions on
flexible surfaces with a disclination is formulated. The elastic surfaces are
considered as embeddings into R^3 and a disclination is incorporated through a
topologically nontrivial gauge field of the local SO(3) group which generates
the metric with conical singularity. A smoothing of the conical singularity on
flexible surfaces is naturally accounted for by regarding the upper half of
two-sheet hyperboloid as an elasticity-induced embedding. The availability of
the zero-mode solution to the Dirac equation is analyzed.Comment: 6 page
Strongly coupled quantum criticality with a Fermi surface in two dimensions: fractionalization of spin and charge collective modes
We describe two dimensional models with a metallic Fermi surface which
display quantum phase transitions controlled by strongly interacting critical
field theories below their upper critical dimension. The primary examples
involve transitions with a topological order parameter associated with
dislocations in collinear spin density wave ("stripe") correlations: the
gapping of the order parameter fluctuations leads to a fractionalization of
spin and charge collective modes, and this transition has been proposed as a
candidate for the cuprates near optimal doping. The coupling between the order
parameter and long-wavelength volume and shape deformations of the Fermi
surface is analyzed by the renormalization group, and a runaway flow to a
non-perturbative regime is found in most cases. A phenomenological scaling
analysis of simple observable properties of possible second order quantum
critical points is presented, with results quite similar to those near quantum
spin glass transitions and to phenomenological forms proposed by Schroeder et
al. (cond-mat/0011002).Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures; (v2) additional clarifying remark
Liquid crystal defects and confinement in Yang-Mills theory
We show that in the Landau gauge of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory the residual
global symmetry supports existence of the topological vortices which resemble
disclination defects in the nematic liquid crystals and the Alice
(half-quantum) vortices in the superfluid heluim 3 in the A-phase. The theory
also possesses half-integer and integer charged monopoles which are analogous
to the point-like defects in the nematic crystal and in the liquid helium. We
argue that the deconfinement phase transition in the Yang-Mills theory in the
Landau gauge is associated with the proliferation of these vortices and/or
monopoles. The disorder caused by these defects is suggested to be responsible
for the confinement of quarks in the low-temperature phase.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX styl
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