1,914 research outputs found
Statistical Mechanics of Time Domain Ensemble Learning
Conventional ensemble learning combines students in the space domain. On the
other hand, in this paper we combine students in the time domain and call it
time domain ensemble learning. In this paper, we analyze the generalization
performance of time domain ensemble learning in the framework of online
learning using a statistical mechanical method. We treat a model in which both
the teacher and the student are linear perceptrons with noises. Time domain
ensemble learning is twice as effective as conventional space domain ensemble
learning.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Statistical Mechanics of Linear and Nonlinear Time-Domain Ensemble Learning
Conventional ensemble learning combines students in the space domain. In this
paper, however, we combine students in the time domain and call it time-domain
ensemble learning. We analyze, compare, and discuss the generalization
performances regarding time-domain ensemble learning of both a linear model and
a nonlinear model. Analyzing in the framework of online learning using a
statistical mechanical method, we show the qualitatively different behaviors
between the two models. In a linear model, the dynamical behaviors of the
generalization error are monotonic. We analytically show that time-domain
ensemble learning is twice as effective as conventional ensemble learning.
Furthermore, the generalization error of a nonlinear model features
nonmonotonic dynamical behaviors when the learning rate is small. We
numerically show that the generalization performance can be improved remarkably
by using this phenomenon and the divergence of students in the time domain.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Thermal and Electrical Properties of gamma-NaxCoO2 (0.70 < x < 0.78)
We have performed specific heat and electric resistivity measurements of
NaCoO (-0.78). Two anomalies have been observed in the
specific heat data for , corresponding to magnetic transitions at
K and K reported previously. In the electrical
resistivity, a steep decrease at and a bending-like variation at
(=120K for ) have been observed. Moreover, we have investigated
the -dependence of these parameters in detail. The physical properties of
this system are very sensitive to , and the inconsistent results of previous
reports can be explained by a small difference in . Furthermore, for a
higher value, a phase separation into Na-rich and Na-poor domains occurs as
we previously proposed, while for a lower value, from characteristic
behaviors of the specific heat and the electrical resistivity at the
low-temperature region, the system is expected to be in the vicinity of the
magnetic instability which virtually exists below .Comment: 4 pages (3 figures included) and an extra figure (gif), to be
published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 73 (9) with possible minor revision
Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of gamma-NaxCoO2 (0.70 < x <0.84)
Powder NaCoO () samples were synthesized and
characterized carefully by X-ray diffraction analysis, inductive-coupled plasma
atomic emission spectroscopy, and redox titration. It was proved that
-NaCoO is formed only in the narrow range of . Nevertheless, the magnetic properties depend strongly on . We
found, for the first time, two characteristic features in the magnetic
susceptibility of NaCoO, a sharp peak at K and an
anomaly at K, as well as the transition at K and the broad
maximum at K which had already been reported. A type of weak
ferromagnetic transition seems to occur at . The transition at ,
which is believed to be caused by spin density wave formation, was observed
clearly for with constant and independent of .
On the other hand, ferromagnetic moment varies systematically depending on .
These facts suggest the occurrence of a phase separation at the microscopic
level, such as the separation into Na-rich and Na-poor domains due to the
segregation of Na ions. The magnetic phase diagram and transition mechanism
proposed previously should be reconsidered.Comment: 4 pages (2 figures included) and 2 extra figures (gif), to be
published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 73 (8) with possible minor revision
Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera.
Low energy high angular resolution neutral atom detection by means of micro-shuttering techniques: the BepiColombo SERENA/ELENA sensor
The neutral sensor ELENA (Emitted Low-Energy Neutral Atoms) for the ESA
cornerstone BepiColombo mission to Mercury (in the SERENA instrument package)
is a new kind of low energetic neutral atoms instrument, mostly devoted to
sputtering emission from planetary surfaces, from E ~20 eV up to E~5 keV,
within 1-D (2x76 deg). ELENA is a Time-of-Flight (TOF) system, based on
oscillating shutter (operated at frequencies up to a 100 kHz) and mechanical
gratings: the incoming neutral particles directly impinge upon the entrance
with a definite timing (START) and arrive to a STOP detector after a flight
path. After a brief dissertation on the achievable scientific objectives, this
paper describes the instrument, with the new design techniques approached for
the neutral particles identification and the nano-techniques used for designing
and manufacturing the nano-structure shuttering core of the ELENA sensor. The
expected count-rates, based on the Hermean environment features, are shortly
presented and discussed. Such design technologies could be fruitfully exported
to different applications for planetary exploration.Comment: 11 page
An alpha theory of time-dependent warped accretion discs
The non-linear fluid dynamics of a warped accretion disc was investigated in
an earlier paper by developing a theory of fully non-linear bending waves in a
thin, viscous disc. That analysis is here extended to take proper account of
thermal and radiative effects by solving an energy equation that includes
viscous dissipation and radiative transport. The problem is reduced to simple
one-dimensional evolutionary equations for mass and angular momentum, expressed
in physical units and suitable for direct application. This result constitutes
a logical generalization of the alpha theory of Shakura & Sunyaev to the case
of a time-dependent warped accretion disc. The local thermal-viscous stability
of such a disc is also investigated.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, to be published in MNRA
Geodesic motions versus hydrodynamic flows in a gravitating perfect fluid: Dynamical equivalence and consequences
Stimulated by the methods applied for the observational determination of
masses in the central regions of the AGNs, we examine the conditions under
which, in the interior of a gravitating perfect fluid source, the geodesic
motions and the general relativistic hydrodynamic flows are dynamically
equivalent to each other. Dynamical equivalence rests on the functional
similarity between the corresponding (covariantly expressed) differential
equations of motion and is obtained by conformal transformations. In this case,
the spaces of the solutions of these two kinds of motion are isomorphic. In
other words, given a solution to the problem "hydrodynamic flow in a perfect
fluid", one can always construct a solution formally equivalent to the problem
"geodesic motion of a fluid element" and vice versa. Accordingly, we show that,
the observationally determined nuclear mass of the AGNs is being overestimated
with respect to the real, physical one. We evaluate the corresponding
mass-excess and show that it is not always negligible with respect to the mass
ofthe central dark object, while, under circumstances, can be even larger than
the rest-mass of the circumnuclear gas involved.Comment: LaTeX file, 22 page
Meridional Distribution of Middle-Energy Protons and Pressure-Driven Currents in the Nightside Inner Magnetosphere: Arase Observations
We examined the average meridional distribution of middleâenergy protons (10â180 keV) and pressureâdriven currents in the nightside (20â04 hr magnetic local time) ring current region during moderately disturbed times using the Arase satellite\u27s data. Because the Arase satellite has a large inclination orbit of 31°, it covers the magnetic latitude (MLAT) in the range of â40° to 40° and a radial distance of <6RE. We found that the plasma pressure decreased significantly with increasing MLAT. The plasma pressure on the same L* shell at 30° < MLAT < 40° was âŒ10â60% of that at 0° < 4 MLAT < 10°, and the rate of decrease was larger on lower L* shells. The pressure anisotropy, derived as the perpendicular pressure divided by the parallel pressure minus 1, decreased with radial distance and showed a weak dependence on MLAT. The magnitude of the plasma beta at 30°<MLAT<40° was 1 or 2 orders smaller than that at 0°<MLAT<10°. The plasma pressure normalized by the value at 0°<MLAT<10° estimated from the magnetic strength and anisotropy was roughly consistent with the observed plasma pressure for L*=3.5â5.5. The azimuthal pressureâgradient current derived from the plasma pressure was distributed over MLATâŒ0â20°, while the curvature current was limited within MLATâŒ0â10°. We suggest that the latitudinal dependence should be taken into account in interpretations of plasma parameters in successive orbits during magnetic storms
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