Statistical mechanics of confined quantum particles

We develop statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of Bose and Fermi systems in relativistic harmonic oscillator (RHO) confining potential, which may be applicable in quark gluon plasma (QGP), astrophysics, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), condensed matter physics etc. Detailed study of QGP system is carried out and compared with lattice results. Further, as an application, our equation of state (EoS) of QGP is used to study compact stars like quark star.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, articl

Infrared spectroscopic studies of the oxide-​hydroxides of nickel, cobalt, and manganese

Metal oxide-​hydroxides of the general formula MO(OH) (M = Ni3+, Co3+ and Mn3+) are actually bronzes of the corresponding quadrivalent metal oxides and should be represented as HxMO2 (x = 1)​. IR spectroscopic studies show that these compds. do not exhibit any OH stretch. The protons seem to be delocalized between slabs of MO2

Fully nonlinear excitations of non-Abelian plasma

We investigate fully nonlinear, non-Abelian excitations of quark-antiquark plasma, using relativistic fluid theory in cold plasma approximation. There are mainly three important nonlinearities, coming from various sources such as non-Abelian interactions of Yang-Mills (YM) fields, Wong's color dynamics and plasma nonlinearity, in our model. By neglecting nonlinearities due to plasma and color dynamics we get back the earlier results of Blaizot {\it et. al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3317 (1994). Similarly, by neglecting YM fields nonlinearity and plasma nonlinearity, it reduces to the model of Gupta {\it et. al.}, Phys. Lett. B498, 223 (2005). Thus we have the most general non-Abelian mode of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Further, our model resembles the problem of propagation of laser beam through relativistic plasma, Physica 9D, 96 (1983). in the absence of all non-Abelian interactions.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, articl

Alternative Dispute Resolution in India - ADR: status/effectiveness study

This study focuses on the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in India. The broad targets included (a) a comparative analysis of institutional ADRs and ad-hoc ADR, (b) cost and time benefit analysis of ADRs in comparison with adjudication through courts; (c) study of the effectiveness of pre-trial mediation centres; and (e) to make concrete suggestions. The study proves that ADR in India has not been that effective when compared to adjudication through courts. The report favored institutional ADRs given the high rate of corruption and bureaucratic hitches prevalent in ad-hoc ADRs. The study also found that pre-trial mediation centres were developing in the right track

Relative humidity-​induced reversible hydration of sulfate-​intercalated layered double hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are extremely important materials for industrial processes. In the environment, LDH physicochem. behavior depends in large part on their hydration state, but characterization of these hydration effect on their properties is incomplete. This work examd. interpoly-​type transitions induced by variations in ambient humidity among LDH. The cooperative behavior of intercalated water mols. resulted in a sudden, single-​step, reversible dehydration of the [Zn-​Cr-​SO4] LDH. The [Zn-​Al-​SO4] LDH provided an interesting contrast with: the coexistence of hydration cycle end-​members at a 40-​20​% relative humidity range during the dehydration cycle; and a random inter-​stratified intermediate in the hydration cycle. These observations showed the [Zn-​Al-​SO4] LDH offered sites with a range of hydration enthalpies, where at crit. hydration levels (20-​40​%)​, non-​uniform swelling of the structure resulted in an inter-​stratified phase. Domain size variation during reversible hydration was also responsible for differences obsd. in hydration vs. the dehydration pathways. This behavior was attributed to distortion in the OH-​ array which departs from hexagonal symmetry due to cation ordering as shown in structure refinement by the Rietveld method. This distortion was much less in [Zn-​Cr-​SO4] LDH, where the nearly hexagonal OH-​ array offered sites of uniform hydration enthalpy for intercalated water mols. On this case, all water mols. experienced the same force of attraction and dehydrated reversibly in a single step. Changes in basal spacing were also accompanied by interpoly-​type transitions involving rigid translations of metal hydroxide layers relative to one another

Challenges of modeling rainfall triggered landslides in a data-sparse region: A case study from the Western Ghats, India

Accurate rainfall estimates are required to forecast the spatio-temporal distribution of rain-triggered landslides. In this study, a comparison between rain gauge and satellite rainfall data for assessing landslide distribution in a data-sparse region, the mountainous district of Idukki, along the Western Ghats of southwestern India, is carried out. Global Precipitation Mission Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM-Late (GPM IMERG-L) rainfall products were compared with rain gauge measurements, and it was found that the satellite rainfall observations were underpredicting the actual rainfall. A conditional merging algorithm was applied to develop a product that combines the accuracy of rain gauges and the spatial variability of satellite precipitation data. Correlation Coefficient (CC) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) were used to check the performance of the conditional merging process. An example from a station with the least favorable statistics shows the CC increasing from 0.589 to 0.974 and the RMSE decreasing from 65.22 to 20.01. A case scenario was considered that evaluated the performance of a landslide prediction model by relying solely on a sparse rain gauge network. Rainfall thresholds computed from both the conditionally merged GPM IMERG-L and the rain gauge data were compared and the differences indicated that relying solely on a discrete, sparse rain gauge network would create false predictions. A total of 18.7% of landslide predictions only were identified as true positives, while 60.7% was the overall false-negative rate, and the remaining were false-positives. This pointed towards the need of having a continuous data that is both accurate in measurement and efficient in capturing spatial variability of rainfall

Application of RSM to optimise single locking cotton feeder for enhancing ginning efficiency of double roller gin

Spike cylinder single locking cotton feeder has been developed and optimized to enhance the ginning efficiency of doubleroller (DR) gin. The feeder is developed with an aim to unlock the cotton bolls and maintain constant feeding rate of individuallocules at the ginning point of DR gin. Spike cylinder speed and cotton moisture content are optimized by using responsesurface methodology. Ginning efficiency of DR gin is improved with the use of developed feeder. Quadratic models forprediction of ginning output and specific energy and linear model for prediction of reduction in bulk density are generated byusing response surface methodology following central composite design that show excellent agreement with the experimentalvalues. Multiple response analysis shows the optimum level of moisture content (7.49%) and spike cylinder speed (317 rpm)with desirability of 0.904695 by maximizing the output and minimizing the specific energy. The ginning output, cleaningefficiency and reduction in bulk density are increased by 23.25%, 16% and 30.5% respectively, whereas the specific energy isdecreased by 12% without any adverse effect on fibre quality. Colour grade of the cotton improves from middling to strictmiddling. Thus, the developed feeder would be highly useful for cotton ginneries

Maternal and perinatal outcome of Evan’s syndrome: a 5 years study in a tertiary care centre

Background: Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by simultaneous or sequential presence of a positive antiglobulin test, autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA), and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). It is characterised by frequent exacerbations and remissions within a chronic course. It was first described by Robert Evans in 1951.  Incidence of AIHA is 1 per 75 - 80,000 and ITP is 5.5 /100000 per general adult population.  Incidence of Evans syndrome is 1.8% to 10% of patients with ITP. Objective was to study the maternal and perinatal outcome of women with Evans syndrome (E).Methods: About 4 antenatal mothers were identified with Evans syndrome at St. Johns medical college and hospital, Bengaluru during the study period of 5 years from July 2013-July 2017. They were followed up during their antenatal, intra natal and postnatal period and outcomes were studied. All patients included in the study fulfilled the criteria for Evans syndrome.Results: There were 4 cases of Evans syndrome, with a total number of deliveries of 11859, during this 5 year study. Incidence was 0.09 per 1000 births. All patients presented with bleeding manifestations ranging from mucosal haemorrhage to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) at the time of diagnosis. All patients were on treatment with either 1st or 2nd line of management with corticosteroids/ azathioprine. None had bleeding during pregnancy after the initiation of treatment. Patients had antenatal complications like preeclampsia 25%, IUGR 25%, oligohydraminos 50%, IUD 25%. 2 patients received platelet transfusions intrapartum. None had intrapartum or postpartum haemorrhage. There were no maternal and neonatal mortality.Conclusions: Evans syndrome in pregnancy is a rare condition and requires multi disciplinary approach involving specialists from obstetrics, neonatology, and hematology. Close maternal and fetal surveillance and management during pregnancy is essential to increase the possibility of a favourable pregnancy outcome in these women