Performance of BFRP and GFRP Hollow Circular Steel columns subjected to axial compression loads

Recent research has been focused on rehabilitation and strengthening of deteriorated steel structures and bridges using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials. This paper deals with the behavior of FRP confinement of hollow steel sections subjected to axial compression loads. The load carrying capacity and buckling failure patterns of hallow steel sections strengthened by different FRP were studied experimentally. Numbers of circular hallow steel sections of same diameter with different L/D ratio test specimens were fabricated. Three different L/D ratio test specimens were used as control specimens. The different number of layers in FRP such as basalt (BFRP) and glass (GFRP) fabrics in different orientations has been fabricated. The effects of strengthened elements were observed under axial compression load. The load vz slenderness ratio, stress strain relationship, the ultimate load vz orientation and number of ply wrapping by different FRP were deeply analyzed and are plotted, tabulated and discussed. Besides local and overall buckling modes, failure patterns and rupturing of fiber of strengthened and non strengthened specimens were also observed. It is concluded that BFRP fabric wrapped by double layers in the circumferential direction elements withstand more axial compressive load than other strengthened and non strengthened elements

Participation of the poorest in decision-making for development Roles of voluntary organisations and the State

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX93783 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Dendritic cells in the tongue and oesophagus of laboratory guinea pig, rat, and rabbit: a light microscopic zinc iodide-osmium study.

Dendritic cells have been demonstrated in human and animal epithelium and subepithelial tissue. The present study used zinc iodide-osmium, which revealed dendritic cells in the epithelium and subepithelial tissue of tongue and oesophagus specimens of the laboratory guinea pig, rat, and otype.rabbit. In guinea pig and rat tongue, basal and suprabasal dendritic cells were located in the epithelium of the dorsal surface. In rabbit tongue, suprabasal cells, without dendritic processes, were found in the epithelium of the dorsal surface. In the subepithelial tissue, dendritic cells were present; a few dendritic cells were found in the subepithelial tissue of the ventral surface. Dendritic cells were not found within the cornified layer of the epithelium. In guinea pig and rat oesophagus, basal columnar cells, without dendritic processes, were present in the epithelium. In rabbit oesophagus, basal cells, without dendritic processes, were seen in the epithelium; the subepithelial tissue showed dendritic cells. The cells, without evident processes, are probably not yet of typical, mature phe

Dendritic cells in the human ileum: A light microscopic zinc iodide-osmium study

The presence of dendritic cells in human and animal epithelium and subepithelial tissue is demonstrated. The present study used human ileal specimens, resected for carcinoma, and revealed zinc iodide-osmium positive dendritic cells in the crypts of Lieberkühn and throughout the lamina propria. There were more cells in the lamina propria than in the crypts. Dendritic cells were polygonal with multiple short, thick processes in the lamina propria and were triangular, often with a single long process directed toward the crypt lumen, in the crypts. The cells did not have a typical, mature phenotype

Incidence of biphalangeal fifth toes in South Indian fetuses, children and adults.

The human foot has a big toe and four lateral toes. The big toe has only two phalanges but each of the lateral toes has three. The presence of a two-phalangeal fifth toe was first described in 1492 by Leonardo da Vinci and later by a few others. It has not been reported in Indian populations. The present study estimated the incidence of this feature in a sample of South Indian fetuses, children and adults. Seven-month to fullterm fetuses were collected at the Department of Anatomy. Stored X-ray images of the feet of children and adults were from the Department of Radiodiagnosis. Twelve pairs of fetal feet were used to count the number of ossified phalanges in the fifth toe by the Alizarine red technique. Xray images (n = 112) of children, aged one to twelve years, and X-ray images (n = 263) of adults were grouped by gender and side. Twenty one feet (87.5%) of the fetuses had a biphalangeal fifth toe. Eleven X-ray images (9.8%) of children and thirty-one X-ray images (11.8%) of adults revealed a biphalangeal fifth toe. The percentage of incidence of this anatomical variant in the South Indian adult population was less than that reported for European (35.5%) and Japanese (80.4%) populations, probably because South Indians are not a consistently shoe-wearing community. The incidence of this feature was significantly (p<0.001) higher in females probably due to use of improperly designed foot-wear

An aberrant independent origin of the serratus anterior pedicle: Case report.

During routine dissection of the right upper limb in a male cadaver by the medical students in the department, an unusual artery was found on the side of the chest wall. The anomalous, aberrant artery was the first branch from the first part of the axillary artery. It crossed deep to the superior thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries, passed in front of the subscapular artery on the serratus anterior muscle and terminated, distributing that muscle, opposite the 8th intercostal space. There are known vascular anatomical variations in the supply to the serratus anterior. Due to serratus anterior or serrato-costal flap reconstructive surgery, an anomalous and aberrant vascular pedicle to the serratus anterior muscle is of interest to anatomists, surgeons, reconstructive surgeons and radiologists

Effect of B4C on strength coefficient, cold deformation and work hardening exponent characteristics of Mg composites

The emphasis of this exploration was to examine the workability and work hardening performance of Mg (Magnesium) specimen and Mg-B4C composites created via the powder metallurgy technique. The pure Mg and Mg-B4C composites are made with distinct weight percentages (Mg-5% B4C, Mg-10% B4C, and Mg-15% B4C) at the unit aspect ratio. The powders and composites characterization are executed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrum) with an elemental map, and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) examination. It displays that, the B4C particles were dispersed consistently with the Mg matrix. The workability and work hardening examination was conducted in triaxial stress conditions using the cold deformation process. The consequence of workability stress exponent factor (βσ), distinct stress proportion factors (σm/σeff and σθ/σeff), instantaneous work hardening exponent (ni), work hardening exponent (n), coefficient of strength (k) and instantaneous coefficient of strength (ki) are recognized. The outcome displays that Mg-15% B4C specimen has greater workability and work hardening parameter, initial relative density, and triaxial stresses compared with the Mg specimen and Mg-(5–10%) B4C composites