Functional outcome analysis of fixation of distal radius fractures using five pin technique

Background: One of the most frequent injuries seen in orthopaedic practise is a distal radius fracture. They account for 8-15% of all adult bone injuries. Younger and older age groups are both affected by distal radius fractures, which are bimodal in distribution and correspond to high and low energy trauma, respectively.Methods: 25 patients with distal radius fractures who were hospitalised and subsequently underwent five pin fixations as well as those who came to the outpatient department for postoperative follow-up.Results: We evaluated at 25 patients who had distal radius fractures prospectively. The patients' ages ranged from 22 years to 68 years old, with a mean age of 42.8 years among them at the time the fracture was first noticed. Among the patients, there were 18 men (72%) and 7 women (28%).Conclusions: The five-pin technique treats displaced intra and extra articular fractures without significant articular and metaphyseal comminution and is minimally invasive

Comparison of open reduction internal fixation by lateral extensile approach versus conservative management in sanders type 2 and 3 calcaneum fractures: a prospective, two-arm, parallel group study

Background: Calcaneum bone is the most common tarsal bone to get fractured. It accounts for 50-60% of all fractured tarsal bones. Calcaneum fractures are always debilitating and are challenging and cumbersome to treat. There is a paucity of Indian studies to assess the comparative treatment outcomes of calcaneal fractures treated by non-operative conservative procedure and open reduction internal fixation by lateral extensile approach. Methods: Adult patients with closed intra-articular calcaneum fractures of Sanders type 2 and 3 were enrolled. Patients managed by cast application (non-operative) or open reduction internal fixation (operative) were separated into two groups. The VAS score for pain, range of motion, radiological angles (Bohler’s and Crucial angle of Gissane) and parameters, functional scores American orthopedic foot and ankle society and Maryland foot score were evaluated sixth month and 1-year post-intervention and compared between the study groups. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results: 29 patients managed with open reduction internal fixation (N=15) or cast application (N=14) were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 39.54±7.81 years, 22 being males and 7 females. Mean VAS score was significantly lower in the plating group at sixth month (4.31+0.69 vs. 5.01+0.66, p<0.05) but not significant at 1 year (1.25+1.09 vs. 1.86+0.77, p<0.05). Range of movements at the ankle and subtalar joints were higher in the operative group. Mean Bohler’s angle was significantly higher and Gissane’s angle lower in the operative group (p<0.05). Significantly higher AOFAS and Maryland scores were noted in the operative group (p<0.05). Subtalar arthritis with malunion was more common in the non-operative group. Conclusions: Operative open reduction and internal fixation methods were found to be significantly better than the conservative management of calcaneus fracture based on clinical, radiological and functional outcomes. Results are most favourable    if wound complications are minimized

Inheritance of some morphological characters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The present investigation was undertaken to generate information on the inheritance of flower colour, leaflet size and pigmented stem in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Parents, F1’s, and F2’s of crosses Vijay x PKV-4, Digvijay x PKV-4 and BDNG-797 x PKV-4 were evaluated during rabi, 2018-19. The monogenic inheritance was confirmed for two traits, pink vs. white flower colour and pigmented vs. non pigmented stem pigmentation. Leaflet size, small vs. broad was controlled by duplicate gene action. The genetic inheritance of these morphological traits is essential for the selection of superior and desirable transgressive segregants for the genetic improvement of the crop. These results are of essential significance because these traits are used as visual markers in chickpea breeding for early recognition of the hybrid nature of plants

EVALUATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF NASAL SPRAY

Nasal drug delivery has now been recognized as a very promising route for delivery of therapeutic compounds including biopharmaceuticals. This route is also advisable for drugs undergoing extensive first pass effect. The present article highlights the evaluation parameters of nasal spray, suspension, and solutions. While formulating the nasal drug delivery formulations various parameters are to be consider such as Appearance, Color, and Clarity, Identification, Drug content (Assay), Impurities and Degradation Products, Preservative(s) and Stabilizing Excipient(s) Assay, Pump Delivery, Spray content uniformity, Spray Content Uniformity (SCU) through Container Life, Spray Pattern and Plume Geometry, Droplet Size Distribution, Particle size distribution (suspension),  Microscopic Evaluation (Suspensions), Foreign Particulates,  Microbial limit,  Preservative Effectiveness, Net Content and Weight Loss (Stability), Leachables (Stability), PH, Osmolality.   Key words: Nasal spray, Evaluation, Quality control, Drug delivery system

Synthesis of triazine based dialdehyde Schiff's base – new templates for Molecular Imprinting and study of their structural and photophysical properties

Triazine based dialdehyde (DIPOD) and its Schiff's base derivatives were designed and synthesized from cyanuric chloride as template for Molecular Imprinting. Density functional theory calculation results revealed that the distance between two aldehyde groups is 1.3 nm. Synthesized structurally the rigid template having 1,3,5-triazine as core moiety, has been used as template to introduce two appropriately spaced amino groups for substrate binding on the solid surface of silica. The structures of the synthesized DIPOD and its Schiff's base were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV–Vis spectral analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the compound has thermal stabilities above 300 °C