The repellency and anti-oviposition effects of Thiem-seed oil and Thiem-seed crude extract on melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq., Diptera : Tephritidae)

Studies on repellency and anti-oviposition effects of Thiem-seed oil and Thiem-seed crude extract on melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) were carried out under laboratory and field conditions. Five concentrations of the oils and the crude extract at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 g/L were tested in the laboratory. Effective concentration at 50% (EC50) and effective time at 80% (ET80) of repellent and anti-oviposition actions were calculated using probit analysis at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after application. The results show that the repellent and anti-oviposition actions on the melon fly of the Thiem-seed oil were better than those of the Thiem-seed crude extract. At 24 hours, the EC50 for the repellent and the anti-oviposition actions of the oil were 10.86 and 7.80 g/L, whereas those of the crude extract were > 100 and 21.70 g/L, respectively. At the concentration of 300 g/L (30% W/V), the ET80 of the repellent and the anti-oviposition actions of the oil were 23.23 hours and 38.01 hours, whereas those of the crude extract were 5.14 hours and 13.86 hours,respectively. In the field study, the results show that the cucumbit fruit damage due to the melon fly was equal at 43.3% in the plots treated with the oil and in those treated with crude extract at the concentration of 15% (W/V) after 5 days of application. The fruit damage was high at 73.3% in untreated plots. The application of the oil and the crude extract mixed with 10% (W/V) surfactants, Latron® CS-7 and Foil®, provided a reduction in fruit damage ranging from 46.2% to 61.4% as compared to the application of the oil and the crude extract alone

Effects of extracts from Tiam seeds on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linn.)

n-Hexane and methanolic extracts from the seeds of Azadirachta excelsa Jack. (Tiam) and A. indica var. siamensis Valeton, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 and abamectin were tested for mortality effect on the 2nd and the 3rd instar larvae of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linn.) by topical application and feeding methods. Among the seed extracts, the methanolic extract from A. excelsa was the most active. Its LC50 at 72 hours after testing on the 2nd and the 3rd instar larvae of diamondback moth using topical application was 16,298.4 mg/l and 28,225.4 mg/l, respectively, and that by feeding method was 3,921.1 mg/l and 5,136.2 mg/l, respectively. The methanolic extract was more active than the n-hexane extract in each plant. Among the tested samples, abamectin, a chemical insecticide, showed the highest insecticidal effect. Its LC50 at 72 hours after testing on the 2nd and the 3rd instar larvae of diamondback moth using topical application was 81.3 mg/l and 227.9 mg/l, respectively, and that by feeding was 44.2 mg/l and 112.8 mg/l, respectively. The methanolic extract of A. excelsa to reduce the population of the 2nd instar larvae of diamondback moth on Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) was not significantly different from that of the methanolic extract of A. indica var. siamensis. The n-hexane extract at the concentration of 5% of A. excelsa to show antioviposition effect of the diamondback moth on Chinese kale was more active than the n-hexane extract of A. indica var. siamensis

Effects of extracts from Tiam seeds on cotton leafworm

Crude n-hexane and methanolic extracts from the seeds of Azadirachta excelsa Jack. (Tiam) and A. indica var. siamensis Valeton (Neem), Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 and permethrin were tested for mortality effect on the 2nd, 3rd and the 4th instar larvae of cotton leafworm (Spodoptera litura F.) by topical application and spraying methods. Among the seed extracts, crude methanolic extract from A. excelsa was the most effective. Its LC50, by topical application, at 72 hours after tested on the 2nd, 3rd and the 4th instar larvae was 5.26, 8.83 and 19.69 g/l, respectively, and by feeding was 1.59, 3.67 and 4.72 g/l, respectively. Crude methanolic extract was more effective than the crude n-hexane extract in each particular plant. Among tested samples, permethrin, a semi-synthetic chemical insecticide, showed the highest insecticidal effect. Its LC50, by topical application, at 72 hours after tested on the 2nd, 3rd and the 4th instar larvae was 0.12, 0.18 and 1.44 g/l, respectively, and by feeding was 0.08, 0.11 and 0.34 g/l, respectively. Use of the crude methanolic extract of A. excelsa to reduce the population of the 2nd instar larvae of cotton leafworm on Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) was more effective than that of crude methanolic extract of A. indica var. siamensis

Young coconut juice can accelerate the healing process of cutaneous wounds

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Estrogen has been reported to accelerate cutaneous wound healing. This research studies the effect of young coconut juice (YCJ), presumably containing estrogen-like substances, on cutaneous wound healing in ovairectomized rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four groups of female rats (6 in each group) were included in this study. These included sham-operated, ovariectomized (ovx), ovx receiving estradiol benzoate (EB) injections intraperitoneally, and ovx receiving YCJ orally. Two equidistant 1-cm full-thickness skin incisional wounds were made two weeks after ovariectomy. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the third and the fourth week of the study, and their serum estradiol (E2) level was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The skin was excised and examined in histological sections stained with H&E, and immunostained using anti-estrogen receptor (ER-α an ER-β) antibodies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Wound healing was accelerated in ovx rats receiving YCJ, as compared to controls. This was associated with significantly higher density of immunostaining for ER-α an ER-β in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, white blood cells, fat cells, sebaceous gland, skeletal muscles, and hair shafts and follicles. This was also associated with thicker epidermis and dermis, but with thinner hypodermis. In addition, the number and size of immunoreactive hair follicles for both ER-α and ER-β were the highest in the ovx+YCJ group, as compared to the ovx+EB group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrates that YCJ has estrogen-like characteristics, which in turn seem to have beneficial effects on cutaneous wound healing.</p