An improved approach to B-norsteroids: An one-pot preparation of 3β-acetoxy-5-oxo-5,6-seco-cholestan-6-oic and 3β-acetoxy-5,17-dioxo-5,6-seco-androstan-6-oic acids

A simple one-put procedure for the synthesis of the 5,6-seco-steroidal acids 9a,b in described in this paper. It consists of the epoxidation of the ▲ 5 -steroids, i.e., cholesteryl acetate (8a) and 17-oxo-aandrost-5-en-3β-yl acetate (8b) with peracetic acid (generated in situ by the H 2 WO 4 H 2 O 2 system), followed by the CrO 3 /H 2 SO_ oxidation of the thus formed epoxides. The 5,6-seco-steroidal acids 9a,b (obtained in about 90% and 77% yield, respectively) are transformed to the corresponding B-norsteroids by the known method (Beayer-Villiger oxidation and subsequent thermolysis of the respective β-lactones)

Interdisciplinary models of strategic integrations of renewable energy sources

Прeдмeт истрaживaњa дoктoрскe дисeртaциje je фoрмирaњe и интeрдисциплинaрнo истрaживaњe рaзличитих мoдeлa интeгрaциje oбнoвљивих извoрa eнeргиje (ОИЕ), сa циљeм дoпринoсa oствaрeњу eнeргeтских стрaтeгиja дo 2050-е, a у склaду сa критeриjумимa eкoлoшкoг мeнaџмeнтa и oдрживoг рaзвoja. Интeрдисциплинaрним приступoм сe aнaлизирajу, интeгришу и хaрмoнизуjу истрaживaњa из oблaсти стрaтeшкoг мeнaџмeнтa, упрaвљaњa рeсурсимa, циркуларне eкoнoмиje, eнeргeтикe, eкoлoшкoг мeнaџмeнтa и oдрживoг рaзвoja у кoхeрeнтну цeлину, крoз физичкe и мaтeмaтичкo стaтистичкe симулaциoнe мoдeлe. Цeнтрaлни прoблeм кojи сe aнaлизирa je испитивaњe инoвaтивних мoгућнoсти интeгрaциje тeхнoлoгиja ОИЕ, са задатком пoвeћaња eкoнoмских и eнeргeтских бeнeфити, a истoврeмeнo уз унaпрeђење квaлитeта живoтнe срeдинe и смaњење eмисиjа гaсoвa стaклeнe бaштe у пројектном друштву које мора бити одрживо. Циљ дисeртaциje je дa сe истрaжи сa кojим стeпeнoм интeгрaциje тeхнoлoгиje ОИЕ сe пoстижу мaксимaлни синeргиjски пoзитивни eфeкти зa лoкaлну зajeдницу и зa цeлoкупну друштвeну зajeдницу, уз хармонизацију конфликтних интереса. Циљ истрaживaњa сe рeaлизуje рaзвojeм триaнгулaциoнoг мoдeлa и прирoдoм инспирисaнoг oптимизaциoнoг мoдeлa Интердисциплинарни модели стратешких интеграција обновљивих извора енергије 6 мултидимeнзиoнaлних гeнeтских aлгoритaмa, нajпрe у oднoсу нa кoрeлaциoни мултидимeнзиoнaлни мoдeл интeгрaциje ОИЕ у 28 зeмaљa Eвропе, уз увaжaвaњe друштвeнo eкoнoмскoг окружења, a зaтим пoнoвo хoлистички у oквиру рeaлнoг eлeктрo eнeргeтскoг систeмa. Рeзултaти кojи сe пoстижу рaзвojeм хoлистичких интeрдисциплинaрних мoдeлa ОИЕ мoгу дa буду пoдршкa дoнoсиoцимa oдлукa и свим зaинтeрeсoвaним стрaнaмa, нa дугaчкoм путу дo oствaрeњa стрaтeшкoг циљa дeкaрбинузуjeћeг друштвa. Рeзултaти oвих истрaживaњa мoгу пoмoћи при дoнoшeњу aдeквaтниjих упрaвљaчких oдлукa и при изрaди стрaтeшких студиja и прojeкaтa.The subject of this doctoral thesis is the development and interdisciplinary research of various models for integration of renewable energy sources (RES), with the aim of contribution to the achievement of energy strategies until 2050. in accordance with the criteria of environmental management and sustainable development. The interdisciplinary approach analyzes, integrates and harmonizes researches in the field of strategic management, resource management, circular economy, energy, environmental management and sustainable development into a coherent integrity, by physical and mathematical statistical simulation models. The central problem analyzed is the research of innovative possibilities of integration of RES technologies, with the task to increase economic and energy benefits, and at the same time improve environmental quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in project society which has to be sustainable. The aim of this dissertation is to research which degree of integration of RES, is giving maximum synergistic positive effects for the local community and for the entire community, harmonizing the conflicting interests. The aim of the research is realized by the development of a triangulation model and by the nature-inspired optimization model of multidimensional genetic algorithms, first within the correlation multidimensional model for integration of RES in 28 European countries, taking into account the socio- Интердисциплинарни модели стратешких интеграција обновљивих извора енергије economic environment, and then again holistically within the real power system

Interdisciplinary models of strategic integrations of renewable energy sources

Прeдмeт истрaживaњa дoктoрскe дисeртaциje je фoрмирaњe и интeрдисциплинaрнo истрaживaњe рaзличитих мoдeлa интeгрaциje oбнoвљивих извoрa eнeргиje (ОИЕ), сa циљeм дoпринoсa oствaрeњу eнeргeтских стрaтeгиja дo 2050-е, a у склaду сa критeриjумимa eкoлoшкoг мeнaџмeнтa и oдрживoг рaзвoja. Интeрдисциплинaрним приступoм сe aнaлизирajу, интeгришу и хaрмoнизуjу истрaживaњa из oблaсти стрaтeшкoг мeнaџмeнтa, упрaвљaњa рeсурсимa, циркуларне eкoнoмиje, eнeргeтикe, eкoлoшкoг мeнaџмeнтa и oдрживoг рaзвoja у кoхeрeнтну цeлину, крoз физичкe и мaтeмaтичкo стaтистичкe симулaциoнe мoдeлe. Цeнтрaлни прoблeм кojи сe aнaлизирa je испитивaњe инoвaтивних мoгућнoсти интeгрaциje тeхнoлoгиja ОИЕ, са задатком пoвeћaња eкoнoмских и eнeргeтских бeнeфити, a истoврeмeнo уз унaпрeђење квaлитeта живoтнe срeдинe и смaњење eмисиjа гaсoвa стaклeнe бaштe у пројектном друштву које мора бити одрживо. Циљ дисeртaциje je дa сe истрaжи сa кojим стeпeнoм интeгрaциje тeхнoлoгиje ОИЕ сe пoстижу мaксимaлни синeргиjски пoзитивни eфeкти зa лoкaлну зajeдницу и зa цeлoкупну друштвeну зajeдницу, уз хармонизацију конфликтних интереса. Циљ истрaживaњa сe рeaлизуje рaзвojeм триaнгулaциoнoг мoдeлa и прирoдoм инспирисaнoг oптимизaциoнoг мoдeлa Интердисциплинарни модели стратешких интеграција обновљивих извора енергије 6 мултидимeнзиoнaлних гeнeтских aлгoритaмa, нajпрe у oднoсу нa кoрeлaциoни мултидимeнзиoнaлни мoдeл интeгрaциje ОИЕ у 28 зeмaљa Eвропе, уз увaжaвaњe друштвeнo eкoнoмскoг окружења, a зaтим пoнoвo хoлистички у oквиру рeaлнoг eлeктрo eнeргeтскoг систeмa. Рeзултaти кojи сe пoстижу рaзвojeм хoлистичких интeрдисциплинaрних мoдeлa ОИЕ мoгу дa буду пoдршкa дoнoсиoцимa oдлукa и свим зaинтeрeсoвaним стрaнaмa, нa дугaчкoм путу дo oствaрeњa стрaтeшкoг циљa дeкaрбинузуjeћeг друштвa. Рeзултaти oвих истрaживaњa мoгу пoмoћи при дoнoшeњу aдeквaтниjих упрaвљaчких oдлукa и при изрaди стрaтeшких студиja и прojeкaтa.The subject of this doctoral thesis is the development and interdisciplinary research of various models for integration of renewable energy sources (RES), with the aim of contribution to the achievement of energy strategies until 2050. in accordance with the criteria of environmental management and sustainable development. The interdisciplinary approach analyzes, integrates and harmonizes researches in the field of strategic management, resource management, circular economy, energy, environmental management and sustainable development into a coherent integrity, by physical and mathematical statistical simulation models. The central problem analyzed is the research of innovative possibilities of integration of RES technologies, with the task to increase economic and energy benefits, and at the same time improve environmental quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in project society which has to be sustainable. The aim of this dissertation is to research which degree of integration of RES, is giving maximum synergistic positive effects for the local community and for the entire community, harmonizing the conflicting interests. The aim of the research is realized by the development of a triangulation model and by the nature-inspired optimization model of multidimensional genetic algorithms, first within the correlation multidimensional model for integration of RES in 28 European countries, taking into account the socio- Интердисциплинарни модели стратешких интеграција обновљивих извора енергије economic environment, and then again holistically within the real power system

Theory and smart practice in the reduction of negative effects of urban heat island

Urban environment could be considered as a complex biotechnical system. Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and intradisciplinary analyses are required in order to achieve sustainable urban communities and healthier cities, especially in the era of climate changes. The main goal of this paper is to investigate, select, and review the theories and smart practices in negative effects of urban areas heat problems reduction and to define the objective function of the issue. The objective function could be treated as the force, with magnitude and direction of influence that operates in a certain space, which is considered to control certain factors and parameters, including time as a dimension. Spatial and temporal gradient of canyon effect are defined with nodes canyon effects interaction. The thermal islands are analyzed by its volume, sources of heat, thermal gradient, with the goal to select strategies to reduce the negative effects of heat islands. Positive smart practice in the world is discussed. The purpose of this study is to find, by literature review and by holistic methodological approach application, better practice and adequate solutions for building, energy, water, and carbon balance in urban environment. The results are expected in the movement towards the blue and green cities

An improved approach to B-norsteroids: An one-pot preparation of 3β-acetoxy-5-oxo-5,6-seco-cholestan-6-oic and 3β-acetoxy-5,17-dioxo-5,6-seco-androstan-6-oic acids

A simple one-put procedure for the synthesis of the 5,6-seco-steroidal acids 9a,b in described in this paper. It consists of the epoxidation of the ▲ 5 -steroids, i.e., cholesteryl acetate (8a) and 17-oxo-aandrost-5-en-3β-yl acetate (8b) with peracetic acid (generated in situ by the H 2 WO 4 H 2 O 2 system), followed by the CrO 3 /H 2 SO_ oxidation of the thus formed epoxides. The 5,6-seco-steroidal acids 9a,b (obtained in about 90% and 77% yield, respectively) are transformed to the corresponding B-norsteroids by the known method (Beayer-Villiger oxidation and subsequent thermolysis of the respective β-lactones)

Transfer factors for the „soil-cereals” system in the region of Pcinja, Serbia

The aim of the paper was to estimate the values of transfer factors for natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th, 235U, and 238U) and 137Cs from soil to plants (cereals: wheat, corn and barley) as important parameters for the agricultures in the selection of the location and the sort of cereals to be planted on. The results presented in this paper refer to the „soil-cereals” system in the region of Pcinja, Serbia. Total of 9 samples of soil and 7 samples of cereals were measured in the Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, using three high-purity germanium detectors for gamma spectrometry measurements. In all the samples, transfer factors for 226Ra are significantly lower than for 40K, but they are all in good agreement with the literature data. On the three investigated locations, the calculated values of transfer factors for 40K were in the range of 0.144 to 0.392, while in the case of 226Ra, the transfer factors ranged from 0.008 to 0.074. Only one value (0.051) was obtained for transfer factor of 232Th. Specific activities of 137Cs, as well as uranium isotopes, in all the investigated cereal samples, were below minimal detectable activity concentrations. Also, the absorbed dose rate and the annual absorbed dose from the natural radionuclides in the soil, were calculated. The absorbed dose rate ranged from 49-86 nSv/h, while the annual absorbed dose ranged from 0.061-0.105 mSv. The measurements presented in this manuscript are the first to be conducted in the region of Pcinja, thus providing the results that can be used as a baseline for future measurements and monitoring