An Incidental Finding of Enlarged Genial Tubercles in a Case of Oral Carcinoma

The genial tubercles are a group of bony extensions that surround the lingual foramen bilaterally in the midway between the superior and inferior borders of the lingual surface of the mandible. Enlargement of genial tubercle occurs very rarely due to hypertrophy. This article focuses on a rare case showing hypertrophy of the genial tubercles

Pattern of Oral Lesions in Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The oral manifestations of tuberculosis forma unique clinical picture. Tuberculosis can occur in the mouth particularly involving the tongue with bizarre and unusual forms. The various manifestations of the oral tubercular lesions produce a distinct pattern of clinical picture and they show a predilection for certain areas of the mouth. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study primarily relying on the comparative assessment of the clinical appearance of the lesions found with that of the previously documented and well-described lesions in authoritative books and journals. A thorough case history specific to tuberculosis was gathered by the aid of a specifically structured proforma and a complete oral examination was done with systematic photography. Results: A total of 78 patients were examined, ranging from 13 to 80 years comprising of 69 male and nine female patients. Out of the 78 patients examined, only 57 had oral lesions. Twenty-one patients did not show any mucosal abnormality- Forty-six (60%) patients had pulmonary tuberculosis and 32 (40%) patients had extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Comorbidities present were predominantly diabetes mellitus in 12 patients, HIV infection in four patients, coronary artery disease in two patients, erosive gastric and liver disease in one patient and hypertension in one patient. Conclusion: Apart from the oral lesions that occur in a normal nontuberculosis patient group (the regular lesions) lesions peculiar to the tuberculosis group of patients were recorded. They comprised primarily of lip crusting lesions, ulcerations of buccal mucosa and palate. A soft tissue enlargement was found involving the tongue and the floor of the mouth and was diagnosed as ′primary oral tuberculosis.′ Drug eruptions on the lips due to rifampicin were noted

Unusual Presentation of Pyogenic Granuloma of Buccal Mucosa

Exophytic growth of the oral cavity often presents a diagnostic challenge because a diverse group of pathologic processes can produce such lesions. Among the exophytic growth of oral cavity inflammatory hyperplasia stands the most common etiology. The pyogenic granuloma is the most common type of inflammatory hyperplasia found in the oral cavity especially in gingiva. Extragingival occurrence of pyogenic granuloma is usually rare. Hence, we report such a rare presentation of pyogenic granuloma on buccal mucosa in a 35-years-old male

Role of dental pulp in identification of the deceased individual by establishing ABO blood grouping and Rhesus factor

Objectives: The study was conducted to emphasize the sensitivity and specificity of dental pulp in identifying the ABO Blood group, Rhesus factor and also to emphasize the role of dental pulp in forensic odontology to identify the deceased individual. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 patients. The samples obtained from finger-prick method from those 60 patients were considered as control and the samples obtained from the pulp were considered as case. The blood grouping, Rhesus typing for capillary blood drawn by finger prick was done by slide-agglutination method and the blood grouping, Rhesus typing for extracted dental pulp was done by absorption-elution method. Results: Fifty seven teeth out of sixty showed positive results. Blood group elicited from capillary blood done by slide-agglutination method matched with that of the pulpal blood group elicited by absorption-elution method. Three showed negative results. Conclusion: As the teeth are the hardest, most stable biological material, resist adverse environmental conditions and the pulpal tissue inside the teeth is well protected, the blood group antigen from pulp remains stable for long. Thus, the high potential value of dental pulp tissue is highlighted in this study

A solitary palatal mass

Myoepithelioma is a rare benign neoplasm of major and minor salivary glands, composed almost exclusively of sheets, islands or cords of cells with myoepitheliomal differentiation. Myoepithelioma represents 15% of all salivary glands neoplasm, most commonly occurs in parotid gland. Here, we report a rare case of myoepithelioma of hard palate

Preparation and Optimization of Ibrutinib-Loaded Nanoliposomes Using Response Surface Methodology

The main aim of this study was to optimize the formulation and process variables for the preparation of ibrutinib nanoliposomes and to evaluate the stability of nanoliposomes. The influence of four formulations and process parameters, namely, the phosphatidylcholine-to-cholesterol ratio (A), conc. of ibrutinib (B), sonication time (C), and stirring time (D) on the drug encapsulation efficiency (Y1) and particle size (Y2) of ibrutinib nanoliposomes were investigated by using response surface methodology. Reverse-phase evaporation was used to prepare ibrutinib nanoliposomes. Twenty-nine trial experiments were performed as per the design and the response parameters were noted. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess each response parameter. The effect of each factor on the response parameters was depicted using perturbation, response surface, and contour plots. A numerical optimization technique was used to estimate the optimum process parameters to obtain the desired responses. Ibrutinib nanoliposomes prepared under optimal conditions were evaluated for stability at a different temperature, pH, and sonication time. It is evident from the results that the phosphatidylcholine-to-cholesterol ratio (A) was the major factor influencing the encapsulation efficiency. All the factors were found to have noteworthy influences on particle size. A statistical evaluation provided the information about the individual and interactive effects of independent factors on the response parameters in order to obtain optimum experimental conditions that lead to preparing nanoliposomes with improved characteristics. The optimum level of the independent variables was phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol (6.76:1), ibrutinib concentration (2 mg/mL), sonication time (15.13 min), and stirring time (45 min). At optimal conditions, Y1 and Y2 were found to be 90.76 ± 1.56% and 208.24 ± 3.16 nm, respectively. The ibrutinib nanoliposomes were found to be stable both in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids at 37 °C for 6 h. At elevated conditions of temperature and pH, the prepared nanoliposomes were found to be unstable. Sonication for shorter periods resulted in decreased particle size, whereas longer periods can be helpful for ultrasound-assisted drug delivery. The closeness between the obtained results and predicted results indicates the reliability of the optimization technique for the preparation of ibrutinib nanoliposomes