Aptitude de trois souches de moisissures à produire des enzymes extracellulaires en milieu solide au Burkina Faso

Objectif: La présente étude a pour objectif la caractérisation physiologique de trois souches de moisissures S1, S2 et S3 isolées respectivement du maïs, de l’arachide et du riz au biais de leur capacité à produire des enzymes extracellulaires.Méthodologie et résultats: Au total, soixante-seize (76) échantillons d’aliments locaux ont été collectés dans des marchés centraux de trois villes du Burkina Faso. Deux cent soixante-douze (272) souches de moisissures ont été isolées et soumises au criblage indirect de production d’enzymes extracellulaires. Il consiste à estimer la production par mesure de la vitesse de croissance apicale des souches fongiques sur des milieux solides supplémentés par différents substrats carbonés. Le criblage a révélé l’activité protéolitique, amylolitiques, tannasiques, lipolitique et cellulosique de trois souches de moisissures. Selon les clés d’identification de Raper & Fennell (1965) et Pitt (1985), ces trois souches S1, S2 et S3 sont respectivement Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus et Penicillium citrinum.Conclusion et application: Les micro-organismes en général et les champignons en particulier constituent des sources d'enzymes plus facilement exploitables que celles des végétaux ou les animaux à cause de la simplicité de purification. Les enzymes fongiques restent toujours les outils clés de la biotechnologie et reflètent de plus en plus l’importance et le rôle infini des moisissures dans les différentes applications alimentaires. Parmi ces enzymes, les lipases, les phytases et les tannases sont perçues comme étant des enzymes importantes en industrie. Cependant, le principal obstacle qui freine les applications potentielles de ces enzymes est leur coût. Des souches locales productrices d’intéressantes enzymes pourraient contribuer à l’amoindrir.Mots clés: enzymes extracellulaires, aliments locaux, moisissures, milieu solide, croissance apicaleEnglish Title: The ability of three strains of fungi to produce extracellular enzymes on solid state in Burkina FasoEnglish AbstractObjective: The aim of this study is the physiological characterization of three fungi strains S1, S2 and S3 respectively isolated from maize, groundnuts and rice through their ability to produce extracellular enzymes.Methods and Results: A total of seventy-six (76) samples of local foods were collected in centrals markets of three cities in Burkina Faso. Two hundred and seventy-two (272) fungi strains were isolated and submitted to extracellular enzymes indirect screening production. It was consisted by measuring the apical growth rate of the fungi strains on solid media supplemented with various carbon substrates. The screening revealed the proteolytic, amylolitic, tannasic, lipolytic and cellulosic activities of three fungi strains. According to the Raper & Fennell (1965) and Pitt (1985) identification key, these three strains S1, S2 and S3 are respectively Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum.Conclusion and Application: Micro-organisms in general and filamentous fungi in particular are rich sources of enzymes more easily exploitable than those of plants or animals due to the simplicity in purification. Fungal enzymes remain biotechnology key tools and reflect increasingly important and the infinity role of mold in various food applications. Among these enzymes, lipases, phytases and tannases are perceived as important enzymes in industry. However, the main obstacle hindering the potential applications of these enzymes is their cost. Local fungi strains with interesting enzymes property could help cost decreasing.Keywords: extracellular enzymes, local foods, fungi, solid state, apical growt

The co-development of a linguistic and culturally tailored tele-retinopathy screening intervention for immigrants living with diabetes from China and African-Caribbean countries in Ottawa, Canada

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a sight-threatening ocular complication of diabetes. Screening is an effective way to reduce severe complications, but screening attendance rates are often low, particularly for newcomers and immigrants to Canada and people from cultural and linguistic minority groups. Building on previous work, in partnership with patient and health system stakeholders, we co-developed a linguistically and culturally tailored tele-retinopathy screening intervention for people living with diabetes who recently immigrated to Canada from either China or African-Caribbean countries. Methods: Following an environmental scan of diabetes eye care pathways in Ottawa, we conducted co-development workshops using a nominal group technique to create and prioritize personas of individuals requiring screening and identify barriers to screening that each persona may face. Next, we used the Theoretical Domains Framework to categorize the barriers/enablers and then mapped these categories to potential evidence-informed behaviour change techniques. Finally with these techniques in mind, participants prioritized strategies and channels of delivery, developed intervention content, and clarified actions required by different actors to overcome anticipated intervention delivery barriers. Results: We carried out iterative co-development workshops with Mandarin and French-speaking individuals living with diabetes (i.e., patients in the community) who immigrated to Canada from China and African-Caribbean countries (n = 13), patient partners (n = 7), and health system partners (n = 6) recruited from community health centres in Ottawa. Patients in the community co-development workshops were conducted in Mandarin or French. Together, we prioritized five barriers to attending diabetic retinopathy screening: language (TDF Domains: skills, social influences), retinopathy familiarity (knowledge, beliefs about consequences), physician barriers regarding communication for screening (social influences), lack of publicity about screening (knowledge, environmental context and resources), and fitting screening around other activities (environmental context and resources). The resulting intervention included the following behaviour change techniques to address prioritized local barriers: information about health consequence, providing instructions on how to attend screening, prompts/cues, adding objects to the environment, social support, and restructuring the social environment. Operationalized delivery channels incorporated language support, pre-booking screening and sending reminders, social support via social media and community champions, and providing using flyers and videos as delivery channels. Conclusion: Working with intervention users and stakeholders, we co-developed a culturally and linguistically relevant tele-retinopathy intervention to address barriers to attending diabetic retinopathy screening and increase uptake among two under-served groups

The co-development of a linguistic and culturally tailored tele-retinopathy screening intervention for immigrants living with diabetes from China and African-Caribbean countries in Ottawa, Canada

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy is a sight-threatening ocular complication of diabetes. Screening is an effective way to reduce severe complications, but screening attendance rates are often low, particularly for newcomers and immigrants to Canada and people from cultural and linguistic minority groups. Building on previous work, in partnership with patient and health system stakeholders, we co-developed a linguistically and culturally tailored tele-retinopathy screening intervention for people living with diabetes who recently immigrated to Canada from either China or African-Caribbean countries. METHODS: Following an environmental scan of diabetes eye care pathways in Ottawa, we conducted co-development workshops using a nominal group technique to create and prioritize personas of individuals requiring screening and identify barriers to screening that each persona may face. Next, we used the Theoretical Domains Framework to categorize the barriers/enablers and then mapped these categories to potential evidence-informed behaviour change techniques. Finally with these techniques in mind, participants prioritized strategies and channels of delivery, developed intervention content, and clarified actions required by different actors to overcome anticipated intervention delivery barriers. RESULTS: We carried out iterative co-development workshops with Mandarin and French-speaking individuals living with diabetes (i.e., patients in the community) who immigrated to Canada from China and African-Caribbean countries (n = 13), patient partners (n = 7), and health system partners (n = 6) recruited from community health centres in Ottawa. Patients in the community co-development workshops were conducted in Mandarin or French. Together, we prioritized five barriers to attending diabetic retinopathy screening: language (TDF Domains: skills, social influences), retinopathy familiarity (knowledge, beliefs about consequences), physician barriers regarding communication for screening (social influences), lack of publicity about screening (knowledge, environmental context and resources), and fitting screening around other activities (environmental context and resources). The resulting intervention included the following behaviour change techniques to address prioritized local barriers: information about health consequence, providing instructions on how to attend screening, prompts/cues, adding objects to the environment, social support, and restructuring the social environment. Operationalized delivery channels incorporated language support, pre-booking screening and sending reminders, social support via social media and community champions, and providing using flyers and videos as delivery channels. CONCLUSION: Working with intervention users and stakeholders, we co-developed a culturally and linguistically relevant tele-retinopathy intervention to address barriers to attending diabetic retinopathy screening and increase uptake among two under-served groups

Qualité physico-chimique et nutritionnelle des oeufs de poule locale et de race améliorée consommés à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso

L’évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et nutritionnelle des oeufs issus de poule locale et de race améliorée consommés à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso a porté sur deux cent oeufs répartis en deux lots respectifs de 100 oeufs de race locale et 100 oeufs de race améliorée. Les valeurs des paramètres physiques ont montré une différence entre les types d’oeufs dans la mesure où les oeufs de souche améliorée ont eu un poids total, un indice de forme et un poids moyen de coquille supérieurs aux oeufs de poules locales. Par contre, les pourcentages massiques du vitellus et de la matière comestible des oeufs de race locale ont été supérieurs à ceux des oeufs de race améliorée. La majorité des oeufs avait une forme ovale (83% et 92%). Les oeufs de race améliorée ont présenté une forte diversité de couleurs (7) alors que les oeufs de race locale étaient de couleur blanche ou blanc sale. Une forte corrélation (r= 0,85 et r= 0,92 avec P<0.05) entre le poids des oeufs et la largeur a été observée chez les deux génotypes. Les pH du vitellus et celui de l’albumen des oeufs des deux races sont similaires avec des valeurs respectives de 5 à 6 et de 8 à 9. Les teneurs en glucides (1,55 g), lipides (11,61 g), cendres (2,75 g) et matière sèche (28,68 g) des oeufs de race locale ont été légèrement supérieures à celles des pondeuses. La poursuite de ces travaux préliminaires, tout en prenant en compte l’évaluation de la qualité sanitaire, permettraient de fournir de plus amples données qualitatives sur les oeufs consommés par les populations au Burkina Faso.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Oeuf, poule locale, race améliorée, Burkina FasoEnglish Title:  Physico-chemical and nutritional quality of eggs from local chicken and of improved race consumed in Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoEnglish AbstractThe evaluation of the physico-chemical quality and nutritional of eggs from local chicken and improved race consumed in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso involved two hundred eggs divided into two respective batches  of 100 eggs of hen local breed and 100 eggs of hen improved race. The values of the physical parameters showed a difference between the types of eggs to the extent of eggs laying hens had a total weight, an index of form and an average weight of upper shell from the eggs local chickens. As against the percentages of yolk and the edible material of local breed eggs were higher than those of eggs of hen laying. The majority of eggs had an oval form (83% and 92%). Eggs of laying hen have presented a great diversity of colors (7) while the local breed eggs were white or dirty-white. A strong correlation (r = 0.85 and r = 0.92 with P <0.05) between the weight of eggs and the width was observed in both genotypes. The pH of the yolk and the albumen of eggs of the two races are similar with respective values of 5 to 6 and from 8 to 9. The contents of carbohydrates (1.55 g), lipids (11.61 g), ash (2.75 g) and dry matter (28.68 g) local breed eggs were slightly higher than those of eggs of laying hen. The continuation of this preliminary work, taking into account the assessment of the health quality, would provide more qualitative data on the eggs consumed by people in Burkina Faso.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Eggs, local chicken, laying hen, Burkina Fas

Détection biologique des résidus d’antibiotiques dans le lait et produits laitiers de vache consommés à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Objectif : L’élevage traditionnel au Burkina n’associe pas généralement les bonnes pratiques vétérinaires. Il se traduit par une utilisation anarchique des antibiotiques et le non-respect des délais d’attente. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence les résidus d’antibiotiques dans le lait et les produits laitiers consommés dans la ville de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.Méthodologie et résultats : Au total, 201 échantillons de produits laitiers ont été collectés dans des marchés populaires et supermarchés puis analysés par la méthode biologique utilisant Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 et Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 10149. Les aminosides et/ou quinolones et/ou macrolides et les bêta-lactamines et/ou sulfamides et/ou tétracyclines ont été détectés respectivement dans 17,24% et 51,72% des laits crus. Les aminosides et/ou quinolones et/ou macrolides ont été détectés dans 25% des laits caillés, 2,38% des laits pasteurisés et 16,66% des yaourts. Enfin, les bêta-lactamines et/ou sulfamides et/ou tétracyclines ont été détectée dans 70% des laits caillés, 66,66% des laits pasteurisés et 38,88% des yaourts.Conclusion et application : Les laits et les produits laitiers consommés contiennent des résidus d’antibiotiques de différentes familles à des doses variées. Ainsi, des mesures pour la qualité des produits laitiers doivent être prises afin de préserver la santé des consommateurs.Mots clés : Lait, Produits laitiers, Résidus d’antibiotiques, Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus