The synthesis of polyglutamate forms of folate by N. crassa

Synthesis of polyglutamate forms of folat

Validation of the Polish version of P-QoL questionnaire

Objective: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common morbidity that affects many women and significantly decreases quality of life. The severity and the impact of the prolapse on the quality of life are important parameters in the management and follow-up of affected patients. The aim of this validation study was to validate the Polish version of the Prolapse Quality of Life questionnaire (P-QoL). Material and methods: The P-QOL questionnaire was translated into Polish and administered to women recruited from two gynecological outpatient clinics (n = 231). Both symptomatic and asymptomatic women were included in the study and examined in supine position using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q). The validity was assessed by comparing symptom scores and quality-of-life scores between symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Results: A total number of 154 symptomatic and 77 asymptomatic women were included. There was a strong correlation between severity of the disease based on physical findings (POP-Q scale) and the P-QoL scores in main prolapse quality-of-life domains. The overall scores for each life domain were significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic women (p < 0.001). All the questions regarding symptoms showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between both groups. Conclusions: The Polish version of P-QoL is a valid, reliable, and easily comprehensible instrument to assess quality of life and symptoms in Polish-speaking women suffering from urogenital prolapse

A novel modified-indirect ELISA based on spherical body protein 4 for detecting antibody during acute and long-term infections with diverse Babesia bovis strains

Cattle sera positive by the RAP-1-based cELISA but negative by the SBP4-based MI-ELISA and IFA had negative results by Western blot analysis, suggesting possible false positive results in the cELISA. A. Molecular weight marker (48 to 180 Kd), B. K42-#21, C. W31-#Y-3, D. W31-#Y-11, E. W31-#0-3, F. W31-#Y-9, G. W31-#0-9, H. W31-#Y-10, I. W31-#Y-15, J. P21-#224, K. positive control serum with a band at 75kd representing B. bovis RAP-1 protein, J. negative control serum. Figure S2. Technical difference between the modified indirect ELISA and conventional indirect ELISA using rGST-SBP4 was illustrated in this figure. (DOCX 645 kb

An approach for particle sinking velocity measurements in the 3–400 μm size range and considerations on the effect of temperature on sinking rates

The flux of organic particles below the mixed layer is one major pathway of carbon from the surface into the deep ocean. The magnitude of this export flux depends on two major processes—remineralization rates and sinking velocities. Here, we present an efficient method to measure sinking velocities of particles in the size range from approximately 3–400 μm by means of video microscopy (FlowCAM®). The method allows rapid measurement and automated analysis of mixed samples and was tested with polystyrene beads, different phytoplankton species, and sediment trap material. Sinking velocities of polystyrene beads were close to theoretical values calculated from Stokes’ Law. Sinking velocities of the investigated phytoplankton species were in reasonable agreement with published literature values and sinking velocities of material collected in sediment trap increased with particle size. Temperature had a strong effect on sinking velocities due to its influence on seawater viscosity and density. An increase in 9 °C led to a measured increase in sinking velocities of ~40 %. According to this temperature effect, an average temperature increase in 2 °C as projected for the sea surface by the end of this century could increase sinking velocities by about 6 % which might have feedbacks on carbon export into the deep ocean