Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy

The paper is a script of a lecture given at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school in 2018. The lecture gives an overview of the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) facility including historical introduction, description of existing and future setups, and outreach and open data activities.Comment: Lectures given at the ISAPP-Baikal Summer School 2018: Exploring the Universe through multiple messengers, 12-21 July 2018, Bol'shie Koty, Russi

Charm CP Violation and the Electric Dipole Moments from the Charm Scale

The reported CP asymmetry in D->K^+K^- / pi^+pi^- is argued to be too large to naturally fit the SM. If so, a new source of CP violation is implied in the Delta C=1 sector with a milliweak strength. CP-odd interactions in the flavor-diagonal sector are strongly constrained by the EDMs placing severe limitations on the underlying theory. While the largest effects usually come from the New Physics energy scale, they are strongly model-dependent. Yet the interference of the CP-odd forces manifested in D decays with the conventional CP-even Delta C=1 weak interaction generates at the charm scale a background level. It has been argued that the d_n in the SM is largely generated via such an interference, with mild KM-specific additional suppression. The reported CP asymmetry is expected to generate d_n of 30 to 100 times larger than in the SM, or even higher in certain model yet not quite natural examples. In the SM the charm-induced loop-less |d_n| is expected around 10^{-31}e*cm. On the technical side, we present a compact Ward-identity--based derivation of the induced scalar pion-nucleon coupling in the presence of the CP-odd interactions, which appears once the latter include the right-handed light quarks.Comment: 29pages, 5 figure

Факторы риска, критерии и биомаркеры острого повреждения почек в периоперационном периоде

 It is becoming increasingly important to prevent complications of surgical treatment, including perioperative acute kidney injury due to prolongation of life expectancy and age-related multicomorbidity. The objective was to review the recommendations of the expert groups and the studу results on risk factors, criteria and biomarkers of perioperative acute kidney injury.Materials and methods. Reports on search results for the last 15 years as of May 15, 2023 in the eLibrary, PubMed databases for the keywords «acute  kidney injury», «biomarker», «perioperative period». The inclusion of reports in the review and their evaluation are based on the authors consensus.  Results. In the perioperative period, acute kidney injury without a decrease in diuresis and/or an increase in serum creatinine levels up to a certain time  may occur. This condition, which varies in causes and mechanisms of development, is potentially reversible with timely detection and treatment. The  study of both biomarkers that surpass creatinine and diuresis in the timing and accuracy of detecting kidney damage/dysfunction, as well as tools for  a comprehensive assessment and risk stratification of perioperative acute kidney injury, have not yet been completed with evidence-based conclusions.  Conclusion. The strategy of using laboratory biomarkers in combination with the clinical context and risk factors for the prevention, diagnosis and  treatment of subclinical acute kidney injury of various origins, supported by the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (2020), could be implemented  based on additional evidence from future clinical studies.С увеличением продолжительности жизни и связанной с возрастом мультикоморбидностью все большую актуальность приобретает предотвращение осложнений хирургического лечения, в том числе периоперационного острого повреждения почек. Цель – аналитический обзор рекомендаций экспертных групп и результатов исследований по факторам риска, критериям и биомаркерам послеоперационного повреждения почек. Материалы и методы. Публикации за последние 15 лет, полученные поиском на дату 15 мая 2023 г. в базах eLibrary, PubMed по ключевым словам «острое повреждение почек», «биомаркер», «периоперационный период». Включение публикаций в обзор и их оценка основаны на согласованном мнении авторов. Результаты. В периоперационном периоде может иметь место острое почечное повреждение, до определенного времени не проявляющееся снижением диуреза и/или нарастанием уровня креатинина в сыворотке крови. Это варьирующее по причинам и механизмам развития состояние потенциально обратимо при своевременном выявлении и лечении. Изучение биомаркеров, превосходящих уровень креатинина и диурез в сроках и точности выявления повреждения/дисфункции почек, а также инструментов комплексной оценки и стратификации риска послеоперационного повреждения почек пока не завершились доказательными заключениями. Заключение. Поддерживаемая Инициативой по обеспечению качества при острых заболеваниях (2020) стратегия использования лабораторных биомаркеров в сочетании с клиническим контекстом и факторами риска для профилактики, диагностики и лечения субклинического острого почечного повреждения различного генеза может быть реализована на основе дополнительных доказательств будущих клинических исследований

First metatarsophalangeal hemiarthroplasty for hallux rigidus

There is a paucity of objective information in the literature about first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) hemiarthroplasty. The authors postulate that it is a reasonable treatment option for severe hallux rigidus in selected patients. Twenty-two elective first MTP hemiarthroplasties were performed on 20 patients that met the inclusion criteria. Pre- and postoperative evaluations were done using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, range of motion (ROM) measurements, and radiographs. Average ROM and dorsiflexion improved by 15° and 8°, respectively. VAS pain scores improved from 5 to 2.5 after six weeks. Painless ambulation occurred after six weeks, with maximum improvement by six months. After 24 months, two patients had pain at the surgical site interfering with function, leading to an unsatisfactory result that required conversion to arthrodesis. First MTP hemiarthroplasty for severe hallux rigidus can be considered an alternative to fusion in properly selected patients who wish to maintain a functional range of motion

Novel metallic implantation technique for osteochondral defects of the medial talar dome: A cadaver study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A metallic inlay implant (HemiCAP) with 15 offset sizes has been developed for the treatment of localized osteochondral defects of the medial talar dome. The aim of this study was to test the following hypotheses: (1) a matching offset size is available for each talus, (2) the prosthetic device can be reproducibly implanted slightly recessed in relation to the talar cartilage level, and (3) with this implantation level, excessive contact pressures on the opposite tibial cartilage are avoided. METHODS: The prosthetic device was implanted in 11 intact fresh-frozen human cadaver ankles, aiming its surface 0.5 mm below cartilage level. The implantation level was measured at 4 margins of each implant. Intraarticular contact pressures were measured before and after implantation, with compressive forces of 1,000-2,000 N and the ankle joint in plantigrade position, 10 dorsiflexion, and 14 plantar flexion. RESULTS: There was a matching offset size available for each specimen. The mean implantation level was 0.45 (SD 0.18) mm below the cartilage surface. The defect area accounted for a median of 3% (0.02-18) of the total ankle contact pressure before implantation. This was reduced to 0.1% (0.02-13) after prosthetic implantation. INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that the implant can be applied clinically in a safe way, with appropriate offset sizes for various talar domes and without excessive pressure on the opposite cartilag

TAIGA -- an advanced hybrid detector complex for astroparticle physics and high energy gamma-ray astronomy

The physical motivations, present status, main results in study of cosmic rays and in the field of gamma-ray astronomy as well future plans of the TAIGA-1 (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) project are presented. The TAIGA observatory addresses ground-based gamma-ray astronomy and astroparticle physics at energies from a few TeV to several PeV, as well as cosmic ray physics from 100 TeV to several EeV. The pilot TAIGA-1 complex is located in the Tunka valley, ~50 km west from the southern tip of the lake Baikal.Comment: Submission to SciPost Phys. Proc., 10 pages, 2 figure

Primary Cosmic Rays Energy Spectrum and Mean Mass Composition by the Data of the TAIGA Astrophysical Complex

The corrected dependence of the mean depth of the EAS maximum $X_{max}$ on the energy was obtained from the data of the Tunka-133 array for 7 years and the TAIGA-HiSCORE array for 2 year. The parameter $\langle\ln A\rangle$, characterizing the mean mass compositon was derived from these results. The differential energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays in the energy range of $2\cdot 10^{14}$ - $2\cdot 10^{16}$\,eV was reconstructed using the new parameter $Q_{100}$ the Cherenkov light flux at the core distance 100 m.}Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to SciPost Phys.Pro