Lift-Off Characteristics and Flame Base Structure of Coal Seeded Gas Jet Flames

An experimental study of the burner rim stability characteristics and the flame base structure of flames co-fired with pulverized coal and propane gas is presented. Lift-off and reattachment characteristics are examined as functions of propane concentration in the jet stream for lignite, bituminous and anthracite coals. The effects on flame base structure are studied in terms of temperature, product species concentration and radiation profiles. The addition of lignite and anthracite coals favours the lift-off transitions. Bituminous coal, on the other hand, makes the flame more stable. The peak values of temperature and concentrations of major combustion product species in the flame stabilization region strongly depend upon the rank of coal. Among the coals tested, bituminous coal produces the highest peak temperature and its flame emits maximum radiation from the stabilization region. Anthracite and lignite coals produce somewhat comparable stability characteristics and structure of the flame base. The effects of coal rank are explained by the differences in volatile matter, moisture and pyrolysis characteristics of coals.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Intercooler Flow Path for Gas Turbines: CFD Design and Experiments

The Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) program was created by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop ultra-high efficiency, environmentally superior, and cost competitive gas turbine systems for generating electricity. Intercooling or cooling of air between compressor stages is a feature under consideration in advanced cycles for the ATS. Intercooling entails cooling of air between the low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP) compressor sections of the gas turbine. Lower air temperature entering the HP compressor decreases the air volume flow rate and hence, the compression work. Intercooling also lowers temperature at the HP discharge, thus allowing for more effective use of cooling air in the hot gas flow path

IMECE2008-66225 ATOMIZATION CHARACTERISTICS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, AND TEMPERATURE IN BIOFUEL AND PETROLEUM FUEL SPRAY FLAMES

ABSTRACT Spray flame characteristics of canola methyl ester biofuel (CME) and petroleum fuel (No. 2D) are described. An enclosed spray flame in a heated co-flow air environment at ambient pressure was studied. A single nozzle, swirl-type, air-blast atomizer with a nozzle diameter of 300 microns was used to create the spray. The spray droplet size and velocity distributions were measured using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer. In-flame temperature profiles were measured using a type-R thermocouple. Global emission indices of NO and CO were derived from concentration measurements in the combustion products. The overall equivalence ratio was kept at 0.75 to simulate lean burning conditions. The changes in atomization air flow rate produced similar changes in atomization characteristics of both fuels. Emission indices of NO and CO for petroleum fuel were higher than those of the CME fuel. In-flame temperature levels were lower for the CME fuel than for the petroleum fuel at corresponding flame locations. NOMENCLATURE CME-Canola methyl ester D 32 -Sauter mean diameter NDIR-Nondispersive infrared PDPA-Phase Doppler particle analyzer T cf = Air co-flow temperature V f = Volumetric flow rate of fuel V aa = Volumetric flow rate of atomization air V cf = Volumetric flow rate of air co-flo

An Experimental Study of the Burning Spray of an Unstabilized Synthetic Oil Water Emulsion

A comparative study of the temperature and composition characteristics of the burning twin fluid atomized sprays of a petroleum based fuel (No. 2 oil), a coal derived fuel (SRC-II), and their unstabilized emulsions with water is described. The flame temperature and the concentrations of CO, NO, 0«, and S0? have been measured and their radial profiles are presented. The results show: (a) the oxygen utilization was lower in the SRC-II oil flame than in the No. 2 oil flame; (b) the concentration of CO was lower and NO higher in the SRC-II oil flame than those in the No. 2 oil flame; and (c) the S0? concentrations were approximately the same in both. The emulsification of both SRC-II and No. 2 oil with water decreased CO concentrations in their flames. However, the emulsification increased S0? and NO concentrations only in the No. 2 oil flame and did not change them significantly in the SRC-II oil flame

Emissions and efficiency of a spark-ignition engine fueled with a natural gas and propane mixture

An experimental investigation of the effects of a hybrid hydrocarbon fuel in a small spark-ignition engine is presented. The engine was fueled with a natural gas and propane (50%- 50% by mass) mixture. The focus of this study was the quantification of emission indices of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitric oxide when this fuel was used without any design or operational modifications. The emission indices for the mixture are compared with those for the component fuels. At part loads, nitric oxide emission was smaller for the mixed gas fuel than for its components. On the other hand, carbon monoxide emission of the gas mixture was higher than for pure fuels. Unburned hydrocarbon emission for the mixture was closer to that for propane. At full loading, the NO, CO, and hydrocarbon emissions for the mixture were intermediate to those for natural gas and propane.