Association of cleft lip and palate with predisposing factors

BACKGROUND: The cleft lip (CL) and palate are common orofacial congenital abnormalities observed in Indian population. Various predisposing factors contribute to this condition. PURPOSE: The purpose is to assess the most common type of CL and palate and to study predisposing factors associated with its development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried in 80 patients with CL and palate. A detailed history was recorded in predesigned pro forma. The occurrence of different types of CL and palate with predisposing factors were assessed. RESULTS: Out of 80 patients, 18.8% of patients had only CL, 46.2% had unilateral CL with palate (UCLP), and 35% had a bilateral CL with palate (BCLP). CL and palate were observed more in males. The left side of the lip was more affected than the right side. Low socioeconomic status patients had more incidences. Advanced maternal age, more than 35 years, was the most common predisposing factor 62.5%. Consanguineous marriage of parents was the second-most predisposing factor observed in 40% of cases. Breastfeeding habit was observed in 73.3% of CL patients, 25% in UCLP patients, and 17.2% in BCLP patients. CONCLUSIONS: Males were more commonly affected by CL and palate with the left side predominance. Advanced maternal age above 35 years was the most predisposing factor followed by consanguineous marriage of the parents

“Dens invaginatus”: A Series of case reports

Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from an invagination in the surface of a tooth crown before its calcification. It involves more commonly maxillary anterior teeth. Dens invaginatus with supernumerary teeth and double dens invagintus were also reported. The management of dens invaginatus includes simple prophylactic restoration to conventional endodontic treatment or extraction, depending on the type of invagination, function, esthetics, and morphology of the root canal. Extraction is indicated as a last choice of treatment in cases of failure of root canal treatment and in supernumerary teeth associated with dens invaginatus. In this paper, we have reported a series of cases of dens invagintus

Oral manifestations in neurofibromatosis type I: A case report

Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor, which is one of the most frequent tumors of neural origin. The diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-I) can be made if there is presence of a neurofibroma. Neurofibromatosis type 1 occurs due to an alteration in the long arm of chromosome 17 and is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. There is no family history of the disease in about 50% of the NF-I patients. NF-I is characterized by the presence of skin lesions (café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas), bone malformations, and central nervous system tumors. A series of clinical criteria decide the diagnosis of NF-I. This article reports a case of NF-I in a 61-year-old male patient with classical features

Oral manifestation in postmenopausal women of Maharashtra, Western Region

Introduction: Menopause in women is a physiological state that gives rise to adaptive changes at both the systemic and oral levels. The oral manifestations of postmenopausal women may vary for each patient. It occurs in the form of burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia, periodontitis, etc., We aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in the postmenopausal population, to know the nature and severity of oral manifestations occurring in postmenopausal women, and to assess the systemic conditions of these postmenopausal women with oral manifestations. The study was designed to assess the oral manifestation in postmenopausal women of Maharashtra, Western region. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of oral medicine and radiology. A total of 90 patients were included. A detailed clinical examination was done using a mouth mirror and probe. The clinical pro forma recorded demographic data, including the duration of menopause and different oral manifestations like xerostomia, periodontitis, lichen planus, oral candidiasis, etc., Collected data were entered into MS Excel and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: In the study, there were a total of 90 patients. These patients were distributed into three groups based on their age groups. The majority of the oral manifestations were reported in patients belonging to Group 2 (60–70 years age group). Conclusion: Overall, 76.6% of patients reported oral mucosal changes; of which 20.2% of patients reported xerostomia, 15.9% reported periodontitis, 13% showed altered taste, 8.6% of patients had lichen planus, and 7.2% patients reported oral candidiasis and space infections

Prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in western population of Maharashtra, India

Aim: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by recurrent painful, single, multiple ulcers appearing in oral mucosa. Various studies have been conducted to find the prevalence of RAS worldwide. Till now, no studies have been conducted to report the prevalence of RAS in Maharashtra. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of RAS in western population of Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: A total of 71,851 patients within the age group between 10 and 70 years were screened for a period of 5 years from March 2011 to March 2016 in western population of Maharashtra. Collected data were recorded and entered, verified, processed, and analyzed using software package SPSS program version 19. The frequency and distribution of RAS in gender, age, and site were calculated. Results: Out of 71,851 patients, only 72 patients were clinically diagnosed to be suffering from RAS. The prevalence of RAS was 0.1%. There was a higher prevalence in females as compared to males and it was most common in the second and third decades of life, with buccal mucosa as the predominant site followed by labial mucosa and tongue. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, the prevalence of RAS in western population of Maharashtra was 0.1%, which was very low as compared to other Indian population. Females were more commonly affected. The most common age affected in our study group was second and third decades. The most common site was buccal mucosa followed by labial mucosa and tongue

Evaluation of gender based on the size of maxillary sinus and frontal sinus using paranasal sinus view radiographs in Maharashtra population, India

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze gender-based differences in frontal and maxillary sinuses. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients which includes 50 males and 50 females were included in the study, and paranasal sinus (PNS) views were taken. All PNS views were exposed using MARS 50 machine using exposure parameters of 60–70 kVp, 35–40 mA. Height and width of maxillary and frontal sinuses were measured and compared between genders and between the sides. Results: The side-wise comparison of maxillary sinus height showed higher values on left than right in both males and females, whereas when width was compared, right width was higher than left width in both males and females. The side-wise comparison of frontal sinus parameters both width and height showed higher values on the left side than the right side in both males and females, but the values of both the sinuses were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The width of left maxillary sinus and frontal sinus can be used as best discriminate parameter to study sexual dimorphism with an accuracy of 59% and 58% respectively. Introduction: The basis for forensic identification of unknown deceased persons depends on uniqueness of anatomical structures. Individual identification is a subtle concept and often one of the important priorities in mass disasters, road accidents, air crashes, fires, and even in the investigation of criminal cases

Assessment of Oral Health Attitude, Knowledge and Behavior among Nursing Students of Karad Taluka

Introduction: Nurses play an essential role in the society to improve public awareness about general and oral health. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge of nursing students and their attitude towards oral health, and examine their oral health-related behavior among nursing students of Karadtaluka, Maharashtra.Method: The present study was carried out among 300 nursing students of Karad taluka, Maharashtra. The questionnaire was self-prepared and consisted of 15 questions related to oral health attitude, knowledge and behavior, and was distributed to the participants. The data obtained was then statistically analyzed and the frequency and percentage of the data for all three sections was obtained using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 16.Result: Out of 300 nursing students, 175 (58.33%) were aware of different techniques used for brushing teeth and 135 (45%) students brushed their teeth twice daily. All the students (100%) preferred using toothbrush and toothpaste as a cleaning aid.Conclusion: The current study concluded that most of the studied students had satisfactory basic knowledge about oral health. The students showed positive attitude towards oral health

Estimation and comparison of salivary calcium levels in healthy controls and patients with generalized gingivitis and chronic periodontitis

Aim: To evaluate salivary calcium levels in healthy subjects and patients with chronic gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis. Materials and Methods: One fifty subjects in the age range between 20 – 45 years were randomly selected and subjected to periodontal examination using gingival index, plaque index, oral Hygiene Index and clinical attachment loss. Following periodontal examination, subjects were divided in three groups of 50 patients each: Group A: healthy subjects, Group B: gingivitis patients, Group C: periodontitis patients. Saliva samples from the study subjects was collected and subjected to estimation of salivary calcium levels. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis. The significance of difference in means was tested by ANOVA test. Results: The levels of salivary calcium increased as the disease progressed from healthy to gingivitis and periodontitis. There was statistically significant difference observed between healthy to gingivitis group and gingivitis to periodontitis group. Conclusion: Salivary calcium levels can be used as a biomarker to assess the periodontal disease progression. Early diagnosis of periodontal disease by estimation of calcium levels in saliva can help in prevention of gingivitis or periodontitis by various therapeutic measures

Prevalence of Oral Cancer in Western Population of Maharashtra for 3 Years: A Prospective Study

Introduction: In developing countries, oral cancer (OC) is estimated to be the third most common malignancy after cancer of the cervix and stomach. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of OC for 3 years and its association with age, gender, type, and duration of habits along with the site of OC. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology from January 2019 to December 2021. All the patients were examined after recording their demographic data using a mouth mirror and probe. The diagnosis of OC was arrived based on the clinical features of the lesions. The type and duration of habits and site were recorded in clinical pro forma. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was applied, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of OC was 0.22% in our study. Of 317 cases, the majority of the patients were males (n = 204), and females (n = 113) accounted for a male: female ratio of 2:1. The most common age affected was 51–70 years with a history of tobacco chewing, followed by patients with multiple habits (smokers, tobacco chewers, and alcoholic). The buccal mucosa was the most common site followed by malignancies of multiple sites. Conclusion: Regular camps regarding tobacco cessation and counseling should be taken care of by dentists. Male patients aged above 40 years are routinely recommended for dental visits

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on salivary and serum levels of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-1 (ADAMTS-1)

Objectives: A Disintegrin -like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin-1 (ADAMTS-1) is a protease with structure similar to Matrix metalloproteinase. ADAMTS-1 has role in wound healing, fibroblast migration, tissue modeling, vasculogenesis and development of neuronal system. The levels of ADAMTS-1 vary in periodontal health and disease. To evaluate the&nbsp;effect of&nbsp;Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) on salivary and serum ADAMTS-1 levels in generalized periodontitis patients. Methodology: Forty-five subjects suffering from generalized periodontitis were selected and periodontal parameters were assessed using periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Salivary and serum ADAMTS-1 levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NSPT was performed involving scaling and root planning, followed by oral hygiene instructions. The patients were recalled after three months, periodontal parameters and ADMATS-1 levels were analyzed. Pre- NSPT levels of periodontal parameters and ADAMTS-1 levels were compared with post NSPT. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were applied to compare the&nbsp;variables. P-value&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum ADAMTS-1 levels pre NSPT was 119.45ng/L and elevated post NSPT to 143.43ng/L. The&nbsp;salivary ADAMTS-1 at baseline was 157.81 and post NSPT 161.53 ng/L and both the values were statistically significant post NSPT