То the question about the somatosensory system condition in patients with chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia on the base of the evoked potentials data

178 patients with Chiari malformation (49 of them - with concomitant syringomyelia) were examined by means of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation. The obtained data shows the pathologic changes in the somatosensory system on the brain stem and cervical spinal cord levels and their dependence on the malformation size and concomitant syringomyelia.178 больным с мальформацией Киари I типа (у 49 из них - сопутствующая сирингомиелия) проведено исследование коротколатентных соматосенсорных вызванных потенциалов на стимуляцию срединного нерва. Полученные данные позволили выявить функциональные нарушения соматосенсорной системы на уровне шейного отдела спинного мозга и стволовых структур головного мозга, а также их зависимость от величины мальформации и сопутствующей сирингомиелии

Сроки выведения остаточных количеств триклабендазола и его метаболитов в результате применения триклафасцида на овцах

The purpose of the research: studying the excretion period of triclabendazole residual and its metabolites after triclafascid application on productive animals. Materials and methods. Researches were carried out on 12 sheep of Romanov breed at the age of 1 year. The animals selected in the experiment were divided according to the principle of analogues into 4 groups (control and 3 experimental) for 3 animals in every slaughter period. Triclafascid was administered to the sheep of the three experimental groups on a single occasion at a therapeutic dose of 2.0 mg/kg under active ingredient (20 mg/kg of preparation) orally individually in the form of an aqueous solution by means of rubber bottle; control animals did not take a preparation. Initially, the sheep of the control group were slaughtered, and then experimental sheep were slaughtered after the application of triclafascid at 7, 14 and 21 days. Liver, kidneys, muscle tissue, heart, lungs and skin with subcutaneous fat were collected for the research. Triclabendazole content and its metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Analytes determination was performed on Agilent 1260 liquid chromatograph (USA) with a column for reverse phase HPLC Kromasil-100-3.5-C18 and a pre-column Phenomenex C18. Results and discussion. After animals dehelminthization with triclafascid at a therapeutic dose of 2.0 mg/kg, no drug residual and its metabolites were detected in muscles, fat, lungs, spleen, kidneys on the 7th day. Traces remain in all animals in the liver after 14 days. Residual amounts of triclabendazole-sulfoxide and sulfone were not found in the tissues on the 21st day of the experiment. Animals slaughtering for household needs and using of forcibly killed animals’ meat for food can be allowed after 15 days after dehelminthization.Цель исследований: изучение периода выведения остаточных количеств триклабендазола и его метаболитов после применения триклафасцида на продуктивных животных. Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили на 12 овцах романовской породы в возрасте 1 года. Отобранные в опыт животные были распределены по принципу аналогов на 4 группы (контрольная и 3 подопытные) по 3 животных в каждый срок убоя. Овцам трех подопытных групп триклафасцид назначали однократно в терапевтической дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ (по препарату 20 мг/кг) перорально индивидуально в форме водного раствора с помощью резиновой бутылки; контрольные животные препарат не получали. Вначале проводили убой овец контрольной группы, а затем подопытных овец после применения триклафасцида через 7, 14 и 21 суток. Для исследования отбирали печень, почки, мышечную ткань, сердце, легкие и кожу с подкожной жировой клетчаткой. Содержание триклабендазола и его метаболитов определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ) с флуориметрическим детектированием. Определение аналитов выполняли на жидкостном хроматографе Agilent 1260 (США) с колонкой для обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ Kromasil-100-3.5-C18 и предколонкой Phenomenex C18. Результаты и обсуждение. После дегельминтизации животных триклафасцидом в терапевтической дозе 2,0 мг/кг в мышцах, жире, легких, селезёнке, почках уже на 7-е сутки остаточные количества препарата и его метаболитов не были обнаружены. Через 14 суток остаются следовые количества у всех животных в печени. Остаточные количества триклабендазола - сульфоксида и сульфона на 21-е сутки эксперимента в тканях найдены не были. Убой животных для хозяйственных нужд и использование мяса вынужденно убитых животных для питания можно разрешить через 15 суток после дегельминтизации

Influence of Biologically Inert Protective Coating Based on Pectin Substances on PUFA Quality and Shelf-Life of Frozen Fish

The influence of a biologically inert protective coating on the basis of low-esterified pectin substances (LEPS) on the qualitative indicators of frozen fish and its lipids is studied in this paper: organoleptic, physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and biochemical changes in fish of various methods of freezing during 240 days of cold storage. The limiting periods of storage of a silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) of different ways of freezing are established. The prolongation of the shelf life of refrigeration and the higher quality indices of frozen fish with the use of a protective coating based on low-esterified pectin substances is due to the reduction of shrinkage and inhibition of hydrolytic decomposition and oxidative damage of lipids by preventing the contact of the surface of frozen fish with oxygen in the air. In addition, when freezing fish in a calcium chloride solution, the LEPS-based coatings exhibit barrier properties, preventing the diffusion of calcium ions into the muscle tissue of the product. Such a mechanism of influence on the duration of fish storage of various methods of freezing during prolonged cold storage allows to obtain frozen fish with high quality indices and to substantially reduce losses during refrigerated storage.</em

JUSTIFICATION OF THE INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PRELIMINARY PROCESSING OF FISH RAW MATERIALS

The scientific article presents experimental data on the possibility of modification of the generally accepted traditional technology of pre-heat treatment of freshwater fish raw materials in the production of canned fish by developing an innovative method - dehydration with hydrochloric acid. Technological and rheological features of the muscle tissue of the object of study - silver carp, which is the most important object of aquaculture and commercial fish farming in Ukraine and in many other countries, require the use of pre-heat treatment. This technique is required to remove moisture from muscle tissue by denaturing sarcoplasmic proteins when the temperature rises above 95 C. Due to the high specific heat of fish muscle tissue, heat treatment is energy intensive and, consequently, not cost effective.&#x0D; In connection with the above promising direction of modification of preliminary heat treatment of raw materials of the fish industry in the production of canned fish should be the development and implementation of a new innovative energy-saving method of processing semi-finished products in the design of modern fish processing enterprises.&#x0D; The paper presents data on the effect of hydrochloric acid on the properties of muscle tissue of silver carp. This directional regulation of the moisture holding capacity in the direction of its reduction is possible by shifting the pH to the isoelectric point of muscle tissue proteins.&#x0D; The influence of such technological parameters as mass fraction of hydrochloric acid in the treatment solution, hydromodule (solution: raw material), temperature and duration of the process on the change of active acidity of muscle tissue of fish raw materials, and, accordingly, moisture binding capacity was established. Accordingly, the following technological parameters of the process were determined: mass fraction of hydrochloric acid - 0.1%, processing temperature 20–25°С, hydraulic module - 1:10, processing duration - 30 minutes. The introduction of the developed technological parameters of the innovative method of pre-treatment creates conditions in which the active acidity of muscle tissue is as close as possible to the isoelectric point of most fish proteins, which in turn provides minimum values of moisture binding capacity.&#x0D; Based on the obtained data, a technological method of pre-processing of fish raw materials in the production of canned fish has been developed, the use of which allows to completely eliminate energy-intensive thermal operation from the technological cycle, and accordingly significantly increase economic efficiency</jats:p

DINVESTIGATION OF CONTACT HEATING OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES WITH SATURATED WATER STEAM

The purpose of this research was to study the modes of  heating different types of plant raw materials in model technological environments that imitate the blanching of raw materials under factory conditions. The research aimed at expanding the range of canned products made from fruit and vegetables. To this end, new methods were searched for, in addition to the existing ones, allowing heating various plant raw materials and increasing the energy efficiency of canned fruit and vegetables production. Saturated water steam was selected as the treatment medium. The experimental studies included determining the volume-average  temperature of the fruit layer in the container. A pulse method of supplying the heating media has also been investigated. It allows using the inertial properties of raw materials and significantly reducing the expenditure of the heating media.  The objects selected for study were various species of pomes and drupes, in particular, apples, plums, cherries, sweet cherries, as well as a vegetable crop of the gourd family, or Cucurbitaceae. The following characteristics have been studied: the dynamics of heating individual fruit and vegetables in the saturated water steam environment at atmospheric pressure; the dependence of the heating and cooling rates of individual fruit and vegetables on the geometric index; the dependence of the heating rate of individual fruit and vegetables on the value of the characteristic dimension; the dependences of changes in the volume-average temperature of the fruit layer on the duration of treatment with saturated water steam. It has been established that the volume-average temperature in the centre of a fruit is also influenced by the shape of the fruit itself. To characterise the anomalous shapes of plant raw materials, the geometric index G has been calculated. This index characterises the elliptical shape of a fruit, and allows determining parameters in two mutually perpendicular planes. Also, to compare fruit of the elliptical and the spherical shapes, a special concept of characteristic dimension was used, which is applicable to fruit of different shapes. The experimental data on the change in the dependences of the heating and cooling rates of individual elliptical fruit have been analysed. The analysis has shown that the size of a fruit significantly affects the volume-average temperature in the fruit layer. It has been suggested to use pulsed heating of the fruit layer with saturated  water steam, which will appreciably increase the energy efficiency of production due to a significant reduction in heating media consumption</jats:p

Perspective natural sources of chondroprotectors

Abstract The research objects in the work were natural sources of chondroprotectors. The research purpose was to study perspective natural sources of substances with chondroprotective properties. Such natural chondroprotectors as nutraceutical products made from green tea are studied in the work. Turmeric and ginger have been used since ancient times to treat osteoarthrosis. It has been established that collagen is a part of combined chondroprotectors. The mass fraction of structural protein in various tissues and organs of a living organism varies to a large extent. In pig skin the mass fraction of structural protein reaches 64%, in human skin the content of collagen is 8% higher, in cattle skin 80%, in marine mammals more than 80%; a significant amount of collagen is found in the skin of fish. In the connective tissue of whale fat, up to 88% of collagen is contained, in whale fins up to 83%. The percentage of collagen-containing raw fish is as follows: skin up to 12.6% (of the total weight of the fish); fins up to 8%, air bladder up to 11.4%, scales to 6%, bones up to 19%, sturgeon chord up to 10.2%. Glucosamine, extracted from mollusk shells, chondroitin from shark and bovine cartilage, and collagen hydrolysates are widely used since they are the main components of cartilage matrix. The novelty of this work lies in the systematization of scientific data on perspective natural sources of substances with chondroprotective and combined properties.</jats:p

The Excretion Period of Triclabendazole Residual and it's Metabolites after Triclafascid Application on Sheep

The purpose of the research: studying the excretion period of triclabendazole residual and its metabolites after triclafascid application on productive animals. Materials and methods. Researches were carried out on 12 sheep of Romanov breed at the age of 1 year. The animals selected in the experiment were divided according to the principle of analogues into 4 groups (control and 3 experimental) for 3 animals in every slaughter period. Triclafascid was administered to the sheep of the three experimental groups on a single occasion at a therapeutic dose of 2.0 mg/kg under active ingredient (20 mg/kg of preparation) orally individually in the form of an aqueous solution by means of rubber bottle; control animals did not take a preparation. Initially, the sheep of the control group were slaughtered, and then experimental sheep were slaughtered after the application of triclafascid at 7, 14 and 21 days. Liver, kidneys, muscle tissue, heart, lungs and skin with subcutaneous fat were collected for the research. Triclabendazole content and its metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Analytes determination was performed on Agilent 1260 liquid chromatograph (USA) with a column for reverse phase HPLC Kromasil-100-3.5-C18 and a pre-column Phenomenex C18. Results and discussion. After animals dehelminthization with triclafascid at a therapeutic dose of 2.0 mg/kg, no drug residual and its metabolites were detected in muscles, fat, lungs, spleen, kidneys on the 7th day. Traces remain in all animals in the liver after 14 days. Residual amounts of triclabendazole-sulfoxide and sulfone were not found in the tissues on the 21st day of the experiment. Animals slaughtering for household needs and using of forcibly killed animals’ meat for food can be allowed after 15 days after dehelminthization