Studies on Surfactant Adsorption at the Cellulose-Water Interface

The adsorption of anionic - sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS), cationic – cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic - Triton X-100 (TX-100) surfactants under different conditions on cellulose-water interface are investigated and the adsorption results are compared with detergency of particulate and composite soil. The kinetics of adsorption of different surfactants on cellulose-water interface show that a cationic surfactant adsorbs rapidly and nonionic and anionic surfactants adsorb relatively slowly. The equilibrium time for cationic surfactant is less (~ 10 min) but higher for the anionic and nonionic surfactants (~ 1 hr). The cellulosic surface is shown to have dual sites of hydrophobic and hydrophilic in nature. It is shown that anionic and nonionic surfactant molecules mostly adsorb on the hydrophobic site, while cationic surfactant molecules mostly adsorb on the hydrophilic site. Anionic surfactant molecules in presence of salt adsorb onto both hydrophobic and ..

Extractive spectrophotometric determination of microgram amounts of palladium with iodide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

443-444The coloured complex formed between palladium(II), iodide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, is extractable into chloroform. Absorbance, measured at 340 nm, shows a linear response upto 5 ppm of palladium. Molar absorptivity of the complex, based on palladium content, is 2.038 x 104 dm3 mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity is 0.0052, μg/cm2. The influence of foreign ions has been studied

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium(II} Using Mixed Ligand Complex Formation with Pyridine/ɑ-Picoline/β-Picoline/γ-Picoline/2, 4, 6-Collidine & Iodide

181-182Palladium(II) forms complexes with pyridine/ɑ-picoline/β- picoline/γ-picoline/2,4,6-collidine in presence of potassium iodide. These are extractable into chloroform and absorb at 354- 360 nm. The molar absorptivities of the complexes are in the range 1.6-1.9 x 104 l mol-1 cm-1. The formation of these complexes has been utilized to propose an extractive spectrophotometric method of determination of palladium. The notable metal interference is due to mercury. Use of other common organic solvents provides no special advantages

A study on methanol herbal plant extract of garlic, green tea and Echinacea on immunity level of Mugil cephalus

Medicinal herbs are non-specific stimulants for the immune response, as useful material for fish and other aquatic animals are known. 1080 grey mullet larvae with an average weight of g 0.75 ± 0.02 and an average length cm 4.40 ± 0.81 were purchased from Ramin port is located 5 km far from the fishing port of Chabahar. This research is based on nine treatments and control designed with 3 replications and a control treatment. Each 3 treatments with its replications dedicated to garlic, green tea and Echinacea. 38.7 ±1.85 micrograms per ml was highest lysozyme activity, phagocytosis rate (56 ± 1.55%) and respiratory burst (1.61 ± 0.18 absorbance at 620 nm) in the treatment with 100 mg of garlic extract per kilogram food was observed. The highest lysozyme activity by the extract of Echinacea was observed in treatment of 200 per million as 15.73 ± 1.13 mg green tea by 11.6 ± 0.3 were recorded in the same concentration. The highest activity of lysozyme (11.3 ± 0.7 micrograms per ml), the phagocytosis (33.3 ± 1.49%) and respiratory burst (0.57 ± 0.08 absorbance at 620 nm) in treatment green tea extract 200 mg per kg of food was observed. According to the results seems lysozyme activity and phagocytosis, which is considered an indicator of the safety of non-proprietary are influenced highly by diets containing garlic

Stage-variations of anandamide hydrolase activity in the mouse uterus during the natural oestrus cycle

Recent studies have demonstrated that the endogenous cannabinoids are important modulators of fertility in mammals. In particular, a role of the endocannabinoid system in early stages of embryo development, oviductal transport of embryos, pregnancy maintenance and labour has been demonstrated in rodents and/or in humans. In the present paper, we report the analysis of FAAH activity and protein content in the mouse uterus as a function of the natural oestrus cycle stages. Variations of FAAH activity are discussed in relationship to changes in sex steroid levels and to the possible action of AEA on remodelling of uterine tissues

GaP-ZnS Multilayer Films:Visible-Light Photoelectrodes by Interface Engineering

In the field of solar water splitting, searching for and modifying bulk compositions have been the conventional approaches to enhancing visible-light activity. In this work, manipulation of heterointerfaces in ZnS-GaP multilayer films is demonstrated as a successful alternative approach to achieving visible-light-active photoelectrodes. The photocurrent measured under visible light increases with the increasing number of interfaces for ZnS-GaP multilayer films with the same total thickness, indicating it to be a predominantly interface-driven effect. The activity extends to long wavelengths (650 nm), much longer than those expected for pure ZnS and also longer than those previously reported for GaP. Density functional theory calculations of ZnS-GaP multilayers predict the presence of electronic states associated with atoms at the interfaces between ZnS and GaP that are different from those found within the layers away from the interfaces; these states, formed due to unique bonding environments found at the interfaces, lead to a lowering of the band gap and hence the observed visible-light activity. The presence of these electronic states attributed to the interfaces is confirmed by depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thus, we show that interface engineering is a promising route for overcoming common deficiencies of individual bulk materials caused by both wide band gaps and indirect band gaps and hence enhancing visible-light absorption and photoelectrochemical performance