Stočarska proizvodnja - stanje i budući pravci razvoja u Republici Srbiji

Livestock production is important branch of agriculture in Republic of Serbia. Over 700.000 households are engaged in this production, which is over 55% of total number of households. Livestock production provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs) for nutrition of domestic population. Also, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry (dairy plants, slaughterhouses, meat industry, conditory industry and leather industry). Livestock production is expected to provide high quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb meat. Chance/opportunity for export exists also for cheeses of high quality (especially sheep and goat cheeses) of defined origin and quality. Based on available data, current situation in livestock production is assessed as inviolable. Number of heads of all species of domestic animals and poultry has been constantly decreasing over the period of last 12 years. The greatest decrease of number of heads of livestock was recorded in years 2000, 2001 and 2002, in all species of domestic animals. During this period, number of cattle decreased by 18,6%, of pigs by 11,8%, sheep by 12,3%, number of goats by 54,1%, horses by 66,0% and poultry by 28,0%. So, by the end of 2007, number of cattle was 1.087.000, pigs 3.832.000, sheep 1.606.000, goats 149.000, horses 18.000 and poultry 16.422.000. Republic of Serbia will in its near future become member of European Union (EU) and World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that livestock production should prepare for competition on unique developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia has been preparing for this since 2006 when it signed bilateral agreement on free trade with neighbouring countries - Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and in this way became part of the market and accepted the competition rules on the free market. Accession to EU and WTO includes liberalization of trade in livestock products, low possibility for import protection, implementation of quality standards (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), reduction of the level of domestic support, discontinuing of export subsidies, increase of profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market.Stočarska proizvodnja je značajna grana poljoprivrede u Republici Srbiji. Zastupljeno je u preko 700.000 domaćinstava (55% od ukupnog broja domaćinstava) i predstavlja značajnu privrednu granu koja učestvuje u formiranju društvenog proizvoda poljoprivrede sa 42%. Stočarskom proizvodnjom se obezbeđuju neophodni proizvodi (mleko, meso, jaja) za ishranu domaćeg stanovništva. Pored toga stočarstvo obezbeđuje sirovine za prehrambenu industriju (mlekare, klanice, konditorske industrije i industrija prerade kože). Od stočarske proizvodnje se očekuje da obezbedi kvalitetne proizvode za izvoz, pre svega juneće i jagnjeće meso. Šansu za izvoz imaju i kvalitetni sirevi (posebno ovčiji i koziji) sa definisanim poreklom i kvalitetom. Na osnovu raspoloživih podataka stanje stočarstva u Srbiji se ocenjuje kao nepovoljno. Broj grla kod svih vrsta domaćih životinja i živine u poslednjih dvanaest godina konstantno opada. Najveće smanjenje broja grla registrovano je u toku 2000., 2001., i 2002. godine kod svih vrsta domaćih životinja. U ovom periodu broj goveda je smanjen za 18,6%, broj svinja za 11,8%, broj ovaca za 12,3%, broj koza za 54,1% broj konja za 66,0% i broj živine za 28,0%. Tako da je na kraju 2007. godine broj grla goveda 1.087.000 , 3.832.000 grla svinja, 1.606.000 grla ovaca, koza 149.000, 18.000 grla konja i 16.422.000 živine. Republika Srbija u bližoj budućnosti postaće član Evropske unije (EU) i Svetske trgovinske organizacije (STO) što znači da se stočarska proizvodnja mora pripremiti za konkurenciju na jedinstvenom razvijenom tržištu, na kome neće postojati državne trgovinske barijere. Srbija na tom putu se priprema već od 2006. godine potpisivanjem bilateralnog sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini sa susednim zemljama (Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) i samim tim postala deo tržišta i prihvatila pravila konkurencije na slobodnom tržištu. Pristupanje u EU i STO podrazumeva veću liberalizaciju trgovine stočarskim proizvodima, mala mogućnost zaštite od uvoza, implementacija standarda kvaliteta (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), smanjenje nivoa domaće podrške, ukidanje izvoznih subvencija, povećanje profitabilnosti i sposobnost da se izdrži konkurencija na međunarodnom tržištu

SOME OLD CHRISTIAN MONOGRAMS AND GLAGOLITIC SIGLA IN CROATIA

The thesis follows the presence of Christ’s Greek and Latin monograms in sacral art from the Antiquity to the Baroque and further to more recent times, as well as Glagolitic sigla on the parchments of Croatian Glagolitic missals from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The shortening of the Greek letters in Christ’s nameJ^ I(HCOUC) X(PIC- TOC) appears as early as in the first century in Roman catacombs, and^XP (ICTOC) is found on the shields of soldiers, on sarcophagi and in other places in the fourth century. In Constantinople (Byzantium) the victorious acclamation IHCOUC XPICTOC - NIKA (Jesus Christ - the Victorious) is shortened, forming a part of the Greek crossg^. The Latin variant of Constantin’s monogram p and the Latin way of reading the Greek alphabet resulted in the monogram IBS, meaning Jesus Hominum Salvator, which is, sometimes with an addition of a little cross (IMS). still present in the West. The monogram of the Greek acclamation ’Iesus Khristos - Nika is engraved on the sarcophagus of the first, yet often disputed Archbishop of Split - Ivan Ra- venjanin. Between the eighth century and the eleventh century, there existed three archbishops of Split by the same name. Ioannes episcopus Salonintiae, with his residence in Split, was mentioned as the first archbishop in 787, in the acts of the First Ecumenical Council in Nikeia (R. Katicic). The Latin inscription on the same sarcophagus was designed by mixing the capital and uncial types of Latin characters, which is characteristic of Irish-Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. The traces of the latter can be noticed on the monogram Charlemagne had as the emperor from 768-814 A.D. This is especially true of the romboid which is also present in the titles of Gallican liturgical books from the Luxeuil Abbey in Burgundy (the eighth and ninth centuries). The monogram of the Greek victorious acclamation is revived by the Baroque, which can be proved by the elements of that style engraved in the gilded paten belonging to the parish archive of Spisic Bukovica near Virovitica. The same beautifully shaped monogram, designed in the USA and containing symmetrical Greek characters, is worn by Sisters Basilians of the Eastern Rite in all countries, including Croatia. A combination of the Greek and Latin elements of Christ’s monogram is painted in capital letters above Mestrovic’s crucifix in St. Mark’s Church in Zagreb, during the renovation of the church from 1937 to 1940. Glagolitic sigla constitute the first two letters of the Latin acclamation Vere (lignum est (It is right to...) preceding the mass prefaces in Glagolitic missals of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, being a part of the Latin ligature V+D. The sigla are present in all the three types of Latin alphabet: capital, uncial and Gothic. Glagolitic scribes accept the latest Gothic forms, but every scribe adds his own variants. In the time of a rich uncial Romance decoration of those signs (si- gla), miniaturists paint in the middle of the cross Maiestas Domini, which gradually becomes the painting of the Crucifixion all over the page preceding the Eucharist prayer - the canon. Both in Latin and Glagolitic alphabet, the prayer begins with the letter T (tau), which is similar to a cross: Te igitur... Tebe ubo... The evolution of the painting of the Crucifixion is linked with Latin (Ebner) and Glagolitic prefatory sigla Vere dignum... (It is right to...). Nevertheless, they are also contained in contemporary missals written in national languages

Corruption in folk customs in Serbia: Socio-ethnological approach

The paper analyzes corruption in the framework of folk customs in Serbia from the socio-ethnological aspect. The analysis includes manners and forms of corruption generated and practised in the last period of the Ottoman Empire rule in Serbia. Through the records of the most eminent students of Jovan Cvijić, first Serbian great scientist, it is shown how corruption emerged and developed in Serbia and how it affected Serbian people's folk customs. The analysis covers research ventures showing the manners, forms and types of corruption practised in Serbia at the time of formation the new-century Serbian statehood in the 19th century, as well as at the beginning of the 20th century and between two world wars. Typologically speaking, corruption in Serbia belongs to parochial, institutional and political corruption. The paper particularly analyzes disapproval and justification of corruption in the Serbian national tradition. In the conclusion of the paper, it is emphasized that socio-ethnological records show that corruption and/or bribe emerged as a consequence of people's greediness, but also of unfavourable historical and social circumstances leading to the negative experience and negative patterns of corruptive behaviour. This was crystallized in the form of messages passed from one generation to another

SOME OLD CHRISTIAN MONOGRAMS AND GLAGOLITIC SIGLA IN CROATIA

The thesis follows the presence of Christ’s Greek and Latin monograms in sacral art from the Antiquity to the Baroque and further to more recent times, as well as Glagolitic sigla on the parchments of Croatian Glagolitic missals from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The shortening of the Greek letters in Christ’s nameJ^ I(HCOUC) X(PIC- TOC) appears as early as in the first century in Roman catacombs, and^XP (ICTOC) is found on the shields of soldiers, on sarcophagi and in other places in the fourth century. In Constantinople (Byzantium) the victorious acclamation IHCOUC XPICTOC - NIKA (Jesus Christ - the Victorious) is shortened, forming a part of the Greek crossg^. The Latin variant of Constantin’s monogram p and the Latin way of reading the Greek alphabet resulted in the monogram IBS, meaning Jesus Hominum Salvator, which is, sometimes with an addition of a little cross (IMS). still present in the West. The monogram of the Greek acclamation ’Iesus Khristos - Nika is engraved on the sarcophagus of the first, yet often disputed Archbishop of Split - Ivan Ra- venjanin. Between the eighth century and the eleventh century, there existed three archbishops of Split by the same name. Ioannes episcopus Salonintiae, with his residence in Split, was mentioned as the first archbishop in 787, in the acts of the First Ecumenical Council in Nikeia (R. Katicic). The Latin inscription on the same sarcophagus was designed by mixing the capital and uncial types of Latin characters, which is characteristic of Irish-Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. The traces of the latter can be noticed on the monogram Charlemagne had as the emperor from 768-814 A.D. This is especially true of the romboid which is also present in the titles of Gallican liturgical books from the Luxeuil Abbey in Burgundy (the eighth and ninth centuries). The monogram of the Greek victorious acclamation is revived by the Baroque, which can be proved by the elements of that style engraved in the gilded paten belonging to the parish archive of Spisic Bukovica near Virovitica. The same beautifully shaped monogram, designed in the USA and containing symmetrical Greek characters, is worn by Sisters Basilians of the Eastern Rite in all countries, including Croatia. A combination of the Greek and Latin elements of Christ’s monogram is painted in capital letters above Mestrovic’s crucifix in St. Mark’s Church in Zagreb, during the renovation of the church from 1937 to 1940. Glagolitic sigla constitute the first two letters of the Latin acclamation Vere (lignum est (It is right to...) preceding the mass prefaces in Glagolitic missals of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, being a part of the Latin ligature V+D. The sigla are present in all the three types of Latin alphabet: capital, uncial and Gothic. Glagolitic scribes accept the latest Gothic forms, but every scribe adds his own variants. In the time of a rich uncial Romance decoration of those signs (si- gla), miniaturists paint in the middle of the cross Maiestas Domini, which gradually becomes the painting of the Crucifixion all over the page preceding the Eucharist prayer - the canon. Both in Latin and Glagolitic alphabet, the prayer begins with the letter T (tau), which is similar to a cross: Te igitur... Tebe ubo... The evolution of the painting of the Crucifixion is linked with Latin (Ebner) and Glagolitic prefatory sigla Vere dignum... (It is right to...). Nevertheless, they are also contained in contemporary missals written in national languages

Uzroci izlučenja krava u vezanom sistemu držanja

Causes for cow culling in a tie stall system were investigated on a sample of 3060 cows culled in 2011, on seven large dairy farms in the Belgrade region. The total level of culling was 34.58% of the average number of cows. The number of cows culled decreased with lactation order (from 981 cows in the first to 294 cows in the sixth and later lactations). The most dominant cause for culling were diseases of the legs and hooves (28.4%), as was expected, having in mind the tie stall system. If selection (low production) is abstracted as the reason for culling, what stands out by importance are metabolic diseases (15.7%) and problems of reproduction (reproductive diseases - 8.6%, and difficult calvings and abortions 5.7%). With the increase of duration of the lactation during which cows were culled, reproductive diseases gained importance as the reason for culling, while the importance of metabolic diseases and diseases of the legs and hooves in this context decreased. When culled, on the average, cows were 5.2 years old, having on the average spent 1112 days in production, of which 978 days in milking. Their average milk production per day of milking was 22.00 kg, per day of life 10.6 kg, and per day of production 19.8 kg.Ispitivanje uzroka izlučenja krava u vezanom sistemu držanja izvršeno je na uzorku 3060 izlučenih krava tokom 2011. godine na sedam velikih farmi za proizvodnju mleka u Beogradskom regionu. Ukupna stopa izlučenih krava iznosila je 34,58% od prosečnog broja krava. Broj izlučenih krava se smanjivao sa porastom laktacije po redu (od 981 krave u prvoj do 294 krave u šestoj i ostalim laktacijama). Najdominantniji uzrok izlučenja su bila oboljenja nogu i papaka (28,43%), što je i očekivano s obzirom na vezani sistem držanja. Ako se izuzmu selekcijski razlozi (niska proizvodnja), kao razlozi izlučenja po značaju se izdvajaju metaboličke bolesti (15,72%) i problemi sa reprodukcijom (reproduktivne bolesti - 8,63% i težina telenja i abortusi 5,65%). Sa porastom trajanja laktacije u kojoj su krave izlučene, reproduktivne bolesti su sve više dobijale na značaju kao razlog izlučenja, a metaboličke bolesti i bolesti nogu i papaka gubile. U momentu izlučenja krave su u proseku bile stare 5,18 god. i u proizvodnji su prosečno provele 1112 dana, od toga 978 dana u muži. Njihova prosečna proizvodnja mleka po danu u muži je bila 21,96 kg, po danu života 10,63kg i po produktivnom danu 19,75 kg

Identity and statehood - A Contribution to Resolving the Identity Issues and Problems in Multiethnic and Multireligious States

The ‘I’ identity is the fundamental and essential human identity. It is surrounded by numerous ‘we’ identities. An individual’s identity is networked into group, i.e. collective identities. The networking of identities shows the depth of a person. It is essential that the ‘I’ identity is not cancelled by group identities. If ‘we’ is imposed over ‘I’, а person vanishes and becomes personless. Group, collective identities most often open problems and conflicts due to ideological action. When ideology interferes into identity, individual identities within a group are being cancelled, while the other group identities are being put in question. The ideologization of collective identities initiates intolerance towards all those who do not belong to our group. Intolerance-cum-exclusion leads to enmity and conflict. It is through the ideologisation of identity that prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination of others and the different are imposed. All those in my group who think differently are traitors, while all members of other groups are enemies. This is how the ‘friend and enemy’ pattern is established in the political field of state and society. The exit from this situation is the establishment of statehood identity within the state, under which all citizens – regardless of their ethnic and other identities – would be perceived in their collective identity of citizens. This, however, should not jeopardize their particular identities. Particular identities would belong to their privacy and should as such be legally guaranteed. Over time, a pattern of trust and respect would be established between different particular identities. Such approach to identity would preserve differences, but also find a similarity which would connect them within the state and society, thus bringing safety, stability, and normality into societal and political life

Fenotipski i genetski parametri reproduktivnih osobina crno belih krava sa različitim udelom HF gena

In this paper, results of the effect of direct and indirect selection of quantitative fertility traits of cattle end heritability level are presented. Study of the quantitative genetic parameters was carried out on three large farms of Black and White, Holstein-Friesian cattle. Investigation included 3900 first calving cows, daughters of 54 bull sires. The effect of genetic group of the head of cattle (genotype) and of the herd on fertility and milk traits of heifers and first calving cows of Black and White breed was investigated. Genetic group of the head of cattle (genotype) had no significant effect in variation of the fertility traits compared to general average (P (lt) 0.01). The effect of herd caused statistically significant and highly significant deviation from the general average, P (lt) 0.05 and P (lt) 0.01. Established heritability coefficients for fertility traits had low values for age at insemination (0,112), duration of pregnancy (0,045) and duration of service period (0,097). Results were obtained by applying mathematicalstatistical analysis of data - using mixed model (Harvey, 1990). Mathematical-statistical analysis of data was carried out using linear methods with fixed influence through model of Least Squares (LS method). Genotype of the head of cattle caused no significant deviation of fertility traits (P>0,05).U ovom radu su predstavljeni rezultati uticaja direktne i indirektne selekcije na kvantitativne osobine plodnosti goveda i nivo heritabiliteta. Ispitivanje kvantitativnih genetskih parametara je izvedeno na tri velike farme gde se gaje crno-bela, holštajn-frizijska goveda. Ispitivanje je uključivalo 3900 prvotelki, kćeri 54 bika-očeva. Ispitivan je uticaj genetske grupe grla goveda (genotip) i zapata na osobine plodnosti i mlečnosti junica i prvotelki crno-bele rase. Genetska grupa grla goveda (genotip) nije imala signifikantan uticaj na variranje osobina plodnosti u odnosu na opšti prosek (P (lt) 0.01). Uticaj zapata je izazvao statistički signifikantno i visoko signifikantno odstupanje od opšteg proseka, (P (lt) 0.05) and (P (lt) 0.01). Ustanovljeni koeficijenti heritabiliteta za osobine plodnosti su imali niske vrednosti za osobine uzrast pri prvoj inseminaciji (0,112), trajanje bremenitosti (0,045) i trajanje servis perioda (0,097). Rezultati su dobijeni primenom matematičko-statističke analize podataka - korišćenjem mešovitog modela (Harvey, 1990). Matematičko-statistička analiza podataka je izvršena korišćenjem linearnih metoda sa fiksnim uticajem kroz model najmanjih kvadrata (LS metod). Genotip grla goveda nije izazvao signifikantno odstupanje osobina plodnosti (P>0,05)

Uticaj vremena zrenja i CaCl2 na kvalitet junećeg mesa

Investigations were carried out on four muscles (M. longissimus dorsi, M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosus, M. biceps femoris) taken from five young cattle (crosses Domestic Spotted x Limousine) of average body mass prior to slaughtering of 587 kg. On all muscles, 24 h after slaughtering, sensory evaluation was carried out and the following parameters determined: pH value, colour, water binding ability, cooking loss and tenderness (initial values). The remaining part of each muscle was divided into 6 parts, 3 were packaged in plastic foil (control samples), and other 3 were soaked in solution containing 0,4% CaCl2 and 0,4% NaCl and packaged in plastic foil. Pieces of meat prepared in this way were left on temperature of + 40C 7, 14 and 21 days to mature. After this period, all mentioned analyses were carried out on meat samples. It was established that pH value during maturation increased, that meat packaged in plastic foil after 14 days of maturation becomes unusable, whereas the increase of pH values of meat whose maturation occurred in solution CaCl2 and NaCl was slower and therefore meat was still usable after 21 days. Color of meat in control samples was slightly lighter compared to initial condition, whereas the color of meat whose maturation occurred in solutions of salt was statistically considerably lighter (P (lt) 0,05 after 7 days, a P (lt) 0,001 after 14 and 21 days). Water binding ability in control samples was slightly better (P>0,05) after 7 days and after 14 days it was statistically significantly better (P (lt) 0,05) compared to initial state, whereas in meat whose maturation occurred in salt solution this ability was at initial level even after 21 days. Cooking loss in control samples was lower compared to initial values whereas in meat soaked in salt solution cooking loss was higher. Meat tenderness in control samples was statistically considerably better after 14 days of maturation (when meat was not fit for use) and in meat soaked in salt solution it was statistically highly significantly better after 14 and 21 days. According to sensory evaluation, control samples of meat, after 14 days of maturation are not fit for use, whereas meat whose maturation occurred in solution of CaCl2 and NaCl even after 21 days is acceptable from the sensory aspect.Ispitivanja su obavljena na četiri mišića (M. longissimus dorsi, M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosus, M. biceps femoris) uzetih od pet junadi (melezi domaće šareno goveče x limuzin), prosečne mase pred klanje 587 kg. Na svim mišićima 24 sata posle klanja obavljena je senzorna ocena i određeni su: pH vrednost, boja, sposobnost vezivanja dodate vode, kalo kuvanja i mekoća (početne vrednosti). Ostatak svakog mišića podeljen je na 6 delova od kojih su po 3 upakovani u plastičnu foliju (kontrolni uzorci), a ostala 3 dela su potopljena u rastvor koji sadrži 0,4% CaCl2 i 0,4% NaCl i upakovani u plastičnu foliju. Ovako pripremljeni komadi mesa ostavljeni su pri temperaturi od + 40C 7, 14 i 21 dan na zrenju. Posle isteka zadatog vremena urađena su na komadima od svih mišića navedena ispitivanja.Utvrđeno je da se pH vrednost tokom zrenja povećava i da u mesu koje je upakovano u plastičnu foliju posle 14 dana zrenja dospeva u oblast kad je meso neupotrebljivo, dok je povećanje pH vrednosti kod mesa čije se zrenje odvijalo u rastvoru CaCl2 i NaCl sporije tako da je meso i posle 21 dan upotrebljivo. Boja mesa kod kontrolnih uzoraka bila je neznatno svetlija u odnosu na početno stanje, dok je boja mesa čije se zrenje odvijalo u rastvoru soli bila statistički značajno svetlija (P (lt) 0,05 nakon 7 dana, a P (lt) 0,001 nakon 14 i 21 dan). Sposobnost vezivanja vode kod kontrolnih uzoraka bila je neznatno (P>0,05) bolja nakon 7 dana dok je nakon 14 dana bila statistički značajno bolja (P (lt) 0,05) u poređenju sa početnim stanjem, dok je kod mesa čije se zrenje odvijalo u rastvoru soli i posle 21 dan bila na nivou početnog stanja. Kalo kuvanja kod kontrolnih uzoraka bio je manji u poređenju sa vrednostima na početku ogleda dok je kod mesa potopljenog u rastvor soli bio veći. Mekoća mesa kod kontrolnih uzoraka bila je statistički značajno bolja nakon 14 dana zrenja (kad je meso bilo neupotrebljivo) dok je kod mesa potopljenog u rastvor soli bila statistički visoko značajno bolja posle 14 i 21 dan. Prema senzornoj oceni kontrolni uzorci mesa nakon 14 dana zrenja postaju neupotrebljivi, dok je meso čije se zrenje odvijalo u rastvoru CaCl2 i NaCl i nakon 21 dan zrenja senzorno veoma prihvatljivo

Ispitivanje uticaja mase pre klanja na rezultate vrednosti randmana klanja muških tovnih junadi domaće Simenatalske rase

For the purpose of investigation of factors important for slaughter yield results, a trial with three groups of young cattle of Domestic Simmental breed of different body masses was carried out. Young cattle in the first group (G1) (n=6) had average body mass of 509,00 kg (475-525), in the second group (G2) of young cattle (n=7) average body mass of 554,29 kg (530 - 575) was recorded and in the third group of young cattle (G3) (n=8) 591,13kg (580-615). Subsequent to slaughtering warm carcass sides were measured individually, with and without kidney fat, mass of internal organs was measured (kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, spleen) and mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm). After cooling carcass sides were cut into main parts. Based on obtained results of research it was established that male cattle of group (G2) of Domestic Simmental breed of average body mass of 554,29 kg have realized higher slaughter yield compared to groups G1 and G3, whereas the share of kidney fat was the same in all three groups of young cattle. Share of mass of internal organs was the lowest in young cattle of group G2 (2,47%) whereas in other two groups it was the same. Share of mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm) in all three groups of young cattle was the same. Share of mass of round (I category part of the carcass) was the highest in young cattle of group G3 (29,86), and statistically significantly (P (lt) 0.05) lower in group G1 (28,39). Share of carcass parts of II category (loin, back, shoulder) was the lowest in young cattle of group G3 (23,655), and of carcass parts of category III (second thigh, second fore thigh, neck, breasts, ribs, belly) in young cattle of group G2 (44,45%).U cilju ispitivanja faktora značajnih za rezultate vrednosti randmana klanja, izveden je ogled sa tri grupe junadi domaće simentalske rase različite telesne mase. Prva grupa (G1) junadi (n=6) bila je prosečne mase 509,00 kg (475-525), druga grupa (G2) junadi (n=7) bila je prosečne mase 554,29 kg (530-575) i treća grupa (G3) junadi (n=8) bila je prosečne mase 591,13 kg (580-615). Posle klanja izvršeno je pojedinačno merenje toplih polutki sa i bez bubrežnog loja, merenje mase unutrašnjih organa (bubrezi, jetra, pluća, srce, slezina) i merenje mase ostalih pratećih proizvoda klanja (glava, jezik, rep, mišićni deo dijafragme). Posle hlađenja polutke su rasečene u osnovne delove. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata istraživanja utvrđeno je da su muška junad druge grupe (G2) domaće simentalske rase prosečne mase 554,29 kg, ostvarila veći randman u poređenju sa grupama G1 i G3, dok je učešće bubrežnog loja bilo isto kod sve tri grupe junadi. Učešće mase unutrašnjih organa najmanje je kod junadi grupe G2 (2,47%) dok je kod je kod ostale dve grupe bilo isto. Učešće mase ostalih pratećih proizvoda klanja (glava, jezik, rep, mišićni deo dijafragme) u sve tri grupe junadi je isto. Učešće mase buta (deo trupa I kategorije) najveće je u junadi grupe G3 (29,86), a statistički značajno (P (lt) 0.05) manji u grupe G1 (28,39).Udeo delova trupa II kategorije (slabine, leđa, plećka) najmanji je u junadi grupe G3 (23,655), a delova trupa III kategorije (potkolenica, podlaktica, vrat, grudi, rebra, potrbušina) u junadi grupe G2 (44,45%)