Reproduction and respiration of a climate change indicator species: effect of temperature and variable food in the copepod Centropages chierchiae

The abundance of the calanoid copepod Centropages chierchiae has increased at the northern limits of its distribution in recent decades, mainly due to oceanic climate forcing, suggesting this as a key species in monitoring climate change. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the combined effect of temperature, food type and concentration on the egg production rate (EPR) and hatching success (HS) of C. chierchiae. Females were fed on two monoalgal diets (Gymnodinium sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) at two food concentrations and at three different temperatures (13, 19, 24C). Respiration rates of both genders were measured at four different temperatures (8, 13, 19, 24C). EPR was significantly different between temperatures and food concentrations, the maximum EPR being attained when the copepods were exposed to high food levels and at 19C. Prey type significantly influenced EPR; feeding on P. tricornutum resulted in higher egg production than Gymnodinium sp. HS was significantly lower at 13C than at 19 and 24C and higher with Gymnodinium sp. Respiration rates were sex independent and increased exponentially with temperature. To maintain basal metabolism, the minimum food intake of P. tricornutum ranged between 0.4 and 1.8 g C and for Gymnodinium sp. between 0.03 and 0.13 g C. Food intake was always higher than the metabolic demands, except for the highest temperature tested (24C). The present results confirm the sensitivity of C. chierchiae to temperature variations and may help in understanding the successful expansion of its distribution towards northern latitudes.Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) [PTDC/MAR/098643/2008, PTDC/MAR/111304/2009, PTDC/MAR/0908066/2008]; FCT [SFRH/BD/28198/2006]; [SFRH/BPD/38332/2007

Through the Eyes of the Needles: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Filipino Fashion Designers in the State of Qatar, A Phenomenology

Background: Fashion could be dated back as to when humans had started evolving. The history of clothing began when humans had lost their fur and needed to protect themselves from the cold nights and the burning sun. Ever since clothes became in demand, the demand for quality and aesthetically pleasing clothes has never diminished. Looking around the State of Qatar, one can find numerous tailoring stores run by foreign designers or tailors, mostly Indians. The number of Filipino Fashion Designers in the country may even be less than a hundred. Different research studies regarding Filipino Fashion Designers are mostly rare as well. With much thought, the researchers have focused on the lived experiences of the Filipino Fashion Designers in the State of Qatar. Methods: This study made use of the qualitative approach focusing on phenomenology to fully understand the story of the unsung heroes of fashion designing with the central question, how Filipino fashion designers deal with challenges when it comes to providing designs. An in-depth was conducted among the participants to get what one designer has gone through in his/her day-to-day life. Findings: With the gathered data, the researchers were able to come up with three (3) main themes with three (3) sub themes; (1) Fashion Literacy: (1.1) Academics (1.2) Experience (1.3) Capabilities; (2) Stress and Mitigation: (2.1) Challenges (2.2) Adjustments (2.3) Fulfillment; (3) Fame and Association: (3.1) Collaboration (3.2) Recognition (3.3) Simulation. Recommendation: The results of this research study may be beneficial to students and other people with an interest with the topic being discussed in this paper. With the results of this phenomenology, one may continue an in depth analysis of the life of the Filipino designers, proposing new studies related to this paper.. One may also gather information that can be used in studying the life of other nationalities when it comes to fashion designing as the results may differ for other people

Breaking the Stigma of Breadwinners: Exploring the Struggles and Challenges of Single Filipinos Overseas in Qatar, A Phenomenology

Background: Qatar is a melting pot of cultures. Qatar’s welcoming approach has led more and more expatriates over the years—including single Filipinos who seek better opportunities and stability for themselves and their families. This research study endeavors to understand Single Overseas Filipino workers’ lived experiences, analyzing their struggles and challenges in Qatar. Methods: This qualitative research utilized a phenomenological research design exploring and acknowledging single Filipino breadwinners’ experiences in Qatar. It corresponds to the central question: “How does the reality of being a single overseas Filipino worker in Qatar, providing for their families back home in the Philippines, affect their current state?” The data set was gathered in the form of an interview and was analyzed through a dendrogram. Findings: Based on the responses of the purposely-chosen participants, four themes were created. These are (1) Personal Circumstances which includes Managing Emotions, Conquering Homesickness, and Finding Self-Direction; (2) Familial Facets, which encompasses Undertaking Responsibilities, Facing Expectations, and Understanding Situations; (3) Social Influences which incorporates Adapting Socially, Strengthening Relationships, and Diverging Connections; (4) Financial Foes which involves Generating Income, Managing Remittances, and Stabilizing Finances. Conclusion: The inspiring stories of the single Overseas Filipino Workers who served as the family’s breadwinners serve as an eye-opener to the struggles, opportunities, and strategies they employ to make sense of the journey they are taking. These will also serve as footnotes to aspiring Filipino expatriates who put families at the center of their lives. Recommendations: Future researchers may focus on various aspects and factors beyond this research, such as those with families, married, or widows. Furthermore, jobs are part of different collar jobs with different genders or social statuses

The severity of pandemic H1N1 influenza in the United States, from April to July 2009: A Bayesian analysis

Background: Accurate measures of the severity of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza (pH1N1) are needed to assess the likely impact of an anticipated resurgence in the autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Severity has been difficult to measure because jurisdictions with large numbers of deaths and other severe outcomes have had too many cases to assess the total number with confidence. Also, detection of severe cases may be more likely, resulting in overestimation of the severity of an average case. We sought to estimate the probabilities that symptomatic infection would lead to hospitalization, ICU admission, and death by combining data from multiple sources. Methods and Findings: We used complementary data from two US cities: Milwaukee attempted to identify cases of medically attended infection whether or not they required hospitalization, while New York City focused on the identification of hospitalizations, intensive care admission or mechanical ventilation (hereafter, ICU), and deaths. New York data were used to estimate numerators for ICU and death, and two sources of data - medically attended cases in Milwaukee or self-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) in New York - were used to estimate ratios of symptomatic cases to hospitalizations. Combining these data with estimates of the fraction detected for each level of severity, we estimated the proportion of symptomatic patients who died (symptomatic case-fatality ratio, sCFR), required ICU (sCIR), and required hospitalization (sCHR), overall and by age category. Evidence, prior information, and associated uncertainty were analyzed in a Bayesian evidence synthesis framework. Using medically attended cases and estimates of the proportion of symptomatic cases medically attended, we estimated an sCFR of 0.048% (95% credible interval [CI] 0.026%-0.096%), sCIR of 0.239% (0.134%-0.458%), and sCHR of 1.44% (0.83%-2.64%). Using self-reported ILI, we obtained estimates approximately 7-96lower. sCFR and sCIR appear to be highest in persons aged 18 y and older, and lowest in children aged 5-17 y. sCHR appears to be lowest in persons aged 5-17; our data were too sparse to allow us to determine the group in which it was the highest. Conclusions: These estimates suggest that an autumn-winter pandemic wave of pH1N1 with comparable severity per case could lead to a number of deaths in the range from considerably below that associated with seasonal influenza to slightly higher, but with the greatest impact in children aged 0-4 and adults 18-64. These estimates of impact depend on assumptions about total incidence of infection and would be larger if incidence of symptomatic infection were higher or shifted toward adults, if viral virulence increased, or if suboptimal treatment resulted from stress on the health care system; numbers would decrease if the total proportion of the population symptomatically infected were lower than assumed.published_or_final_versio

Chapter 1

Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alter-natives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote labs, and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online labs. Sim-ilarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote labs require some ef-fort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration sev-eral factors that affect their adoption (i.e. cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e. benefit). This chapter analyses these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large num-ber of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an ex-ample in the area of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, based on a remote lab named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin-American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project2, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CALCULATIONS OF PARTICLE RETENTION EFFICIENCY

International audienc

PARTICLE RETENTION EFFICIENCIES OF AN HERBIVOROUS COPEPOD, ACARTIA-CLAUSI (ADULT AND COPEPODITE STAGES) - EFFECTS ON GRAZING

International audienc

REPRODUCTION OF TEMORA-STYLIFERA - ITS ANATOMICAL IMPLICATIONS IN RELATION TO THE NUTRITION FACTOR

International audienc

Seasonal cycles of egg production of two planktonic copepods Centropages typicus and Temora stylifera in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Reproduction of the dominant copepods Centropages typicus and Temora stylifera was studied at a permanent station in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean). Seasonal patterns of egg production, clutch size, egg size and female prosome length were followed from January 1998 to December 1999. Female carbon content and weight-specific egg production were compared in autumn 1998 and spring 1999. Reproductive patterns of C. typicus and T. stylifera were very similar, indicating that reproduction was affected by the same environmental factors. Reproductive activity was highest in autumn in both species and years. A second peak of egg production was observed in early summer, which was less intense in 1999 after a bloom of salps. Egg production rates reached maximal values of 33.5 and 33.3 eggs female-1day-1 and annual means of 10.8 and 11.7 eggs female-1day-1 in Centropages and Temora, respectively. Maximal weight-specific egg production was 0.21 day-1 in both species in November 1998, when female carbon contents were 6.7 (C. typicus) and 12.0 µg C (T. stylifera). No statistical relationship between egg production and food availability or temperature was detected. Reproductive activity did not reflect the seasonal abundance patterns, with C. typicus dominating in spring and T. stylifera in autumn

SIMPLE DEVICE FOR SORTING OF LIVING PLANKTONIC COPEPODS

International audienc