Discrete and finite Genral Relativity

We develop the General Theory of Relativity in a formalism with extended causality that describes physical interaction through discrete, transversal and localized pointlike fields. The homogeneous field equations are then solved for a finite, singularity-free, point-like field that we associate to a ``classical graviton". The standard Einstein's continuous formalism is retrieved by means of an averaging process, and its continuous solutions are determined by the chosen imposed symetry. The Schwarzschild metric is obtained by the imposition of spherical symmetry on the averaged field.Comment: Modified conform the version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Pairwise thermal entanglement in Ising-XYZ diamond chain structure in an external magnetic field

Quantum entanglement is one of the most fascinating types of correlation that can be shared only among quantum systems. The Heisenberg chain is one of the simplest quantum chains which exhibits a reach entanglement feature, due to the Heisenberg interaction is quantum coupling in the spin system. The two particles were coupled trough XYZ coupling or simply called as two-qubit XYZ spin, which are the responsible for the emergence of thermal entanglement. These two-qubit operators are bonded to two nodal Ising spins, and this process is repeated infinitely resulting in a diamond chain structure. We will discuss two-qubit thermal entanglement effect on Ising-XYZ diamond chain structure. The concurrence could be obtained straightforwardly in terms of two-qubit density operator elements, using this result, we study the thermal entanglement, as well as the threshold temperature where entangled state vanishes. The present model displays a quite unusual concurrence behavior, such as, the boundary of two entangled regions becomes a disentangled region, this is intrinsically related to the XY-anisotropy in the Heisenberg coupling. Despite a similar property had been found for only two-qubit, here we show in the case of a diamond chain structure, which reasonably represents real materials.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Quadratic Effective Action for QED in D=2,3 Dimensions

We calculate the effective action for Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in D=2,3 dimensions at the quadratic approximation in the gauge fields. We analyse the analytic structure of the corresponding nonlocal boson propagators nonperturbatively in k/m. In two dimensions for any nonzero fermion mass, we end up with one massless pole for the gauge boson . We also calculate in D=2 the effective potential between two static charges separated by a distance L and find it to be a linearly increasing function of L in agreement with the bosonized theory (massive Sine-Gordon model). In three dimensions we find nonperturbatively in k/m one massive pole in the effective bosonic action leading to screening. Fitting the numerical results we derive a simple expression for the functional dependence of the boson mass upon the dimensionless parameter e^{2}/m .Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Mercado de produtos livres de agrotóxicos dos produtores agrícolas familiares de Cruz das Almas - BA participantes do Projeto de Quintais Agroflorestais (Quintalsan): primeiras impressões.

A importância em se ?mesclar? espécimes multiuso reside na ampliação das possibilidades de êxito comercial, ao mesmo tempo em que há diminuição no risco de perdas devido a variações de preços do mercado de determinados subprodutos. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) possuem vantagens inerentes à sustentabilidade como sistema produtivo, externadas pela utilização de recursos locais (reduzindo a dependência de insumos externos), contribuindo na redução dos custos produtivos e aumentando a geração local de trabalho e renda

Cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos de pimenta-do-reino em meio contendo antibióticos.

A pimenteira-do-reino foi introduzida no Brasil no século XVII, assumindo cultivo comercial somente a partir da década de 30 quando introduzida no Pará por imigrantes japoneses. Objetivou-se avaliar a oxidação de embriões zigóticos de pimenta-do-reino em meio de cultura suplementado com diferentes antibióticos (Higromicina e Canamicina). Foram coletados frutos maduros da cultivar Bragantina, provenientes de matrizes do BAG da pimenteira-do-reino da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental para retirada dos embriões zigóticos. Nas diferentes concentrações de antibióticos, os embriões zigóticos respondem diferentemente quanto aos níveis de oxidação, evidenciando maior oxidação com o aumento da concentração desse reagente