8,057 research outputs found
Low-lying excitations around a single vortex in a d-wave superconductor
A full quantum-mechanical treatment of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation for
a single vortex in a d-wave superconductor is presented. First, we find
low-energy states extended in four diagonal directions, which have no
counterpart in a vortex of s-wave superconductors. The four-fold symmetry is
due to 'quantum effect', which is enhanced when is small. Second,
for , a peak with a large energy gap is
found in the density of states, which is due to the formation of the lowest
bound states.Comment: 7pages, Revte
Structural transitions of monoolein bicontinuous cubic phase induced by inclusion of protein lysozyme solutions
Inclusion of protein lysozyme molecules in lipidic monoolein cubic phase
induces a transition from a structure to one.
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method with high intensity synchrotron
radiation enabled us to follow closely the transition depending on the
conditions of lysozyme solutions. We showed that concentrated lysozyme
solutions induced the appearance of the structure coexisting
with the structure. From the relation between the lattice
parameters of these two structures it was shown that they were related by the
Bonnet transformation of underlying triply periodic minimal surfaces. We found
that the transition also occurred at lower lysozyme concentration when NaCl
induced attraction between lysozyme molecules. The origin of the transition was
considered as a frustration in the cubic phase where lysozyme molecules were
highly confined. A simple estimation of the frustration was given, which took
into account of the translational entropy of lysozyme molecules. At the highest
concentration of lysozyme and NaCl the structure was found to
disappear and left only the structure. This was probably
either due to the crystallization or phase separation of lysozyme solutions
ongoing microscopically, which absorbed lysozyme molecules from channels of the
cubic phase and thus removed the frustration.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
What if Is Small?
In the basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal, the
left-handed neutrino mass matrix is invariant under the permutation of the
second and third generations if, and only if, the reactor angle
is zero and the atmospheric mixing angle is maximal. In the
presence of the seesaw mechanism, this symmetry leads to an inverted hierarchy,
with . This inverted mass spectrum is doubly protected if the
right-handed neutrinos also have a 2-3 symmetry
Nonlinear response and scaling law in the vortex state of d-wave superconductors
We study the field dependence of the quasi-particle density of states, the
thermodynamics and the transport properties in the vortex state of d-wave
superconductors when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the
conducting plane, specially for the low field and the low temperature compared
to the upper critical field and transition temperature, respectively, and . Both the superfluid density and the spin
susceptibility exhibit the characteristic -field dependence, while
the nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate T and the thermal
conductivity are linear in field . With increasing temperature, these
quantities exhibit the scaling behavior in . The present theory
applies to 2D -wave superconductor as well; a possible candidate of the
superconductivity in SrRuO.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Constraints on mass matrices due to measured property of the mixing matrix
It is shown that two specific properties of the unitary matrix can be
expressed directly in terms of the matrix elements and eigenvalues of the
hermitian matrix which is diagonalized by . These are the asymmetry
, of with respect to the main diagonal
and the Jarlskog invariant .
These expressions for and provide constraints on possible
mass matrices from the available data on .Comment: 5 pages, Late
BCS theory of nodal superconductors
This course has a dual purpose. First we review the successes of the
weak-coupling BCS theory in describing new classes of superconductors
discovered since 1979. They include the heavy-fermion superconductors, high-Tc
cuprate superconductors, organic superconductors, Sr2RuO4, etc. Second, we
present the quasiclassical approximation introduced by Volovik, which we extend
to describe the thermodynamics and the thermal conductivity of the vortex state
in nodal superconductors. This approach provides the most powerful tool to
identify the symmetry of the energy gap function Delta(k) in these new
superconductors.Comment: 31 pages, 33 figure
New World of Gossamer Superconductivity
Since the discovery of the high-T cuprate superconductor
LaBaCuO in 1986 by Bednorz and M\"{u}ller, controversy regarding
the nature or origin of this remarkable superconductivity has continued.
However, d-wave superconductivity in the hole-doped cuprates, arising due to
the anti-paramagnon exchange, was established around 1994. More recently we
have shown that the mean field theory, like the BCS theory of superconductivity
and Landau's Fermi liquid theory are adequate to describe the cuprates. The
keys for this development are the facts that a)the pseudogap phase is d-wave
density wave (dDW) and that the high-T cuprate superconductivity is
gossamer (i.e. it exists in the presence of dDW).Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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