Cyclooctane chains: mathematical expected values based on atom degree and sum-degree of Zagreb, harmonic, sum-connectivity, and Sombor descriptors

Cyclooctane chains are an imperative class of cycloalkane in computational chemistry that are macrocyclic fragrant hydrocarbons. The fascinating characteristics and conformational properties of cyclooctanes have attracted numerous applications in the chemical and biological industries. In this manuscript, we investigate the structural characteristics of cyclooctane chains with underlying graph parameters. We consider the random chain under possible probabilities and derive the mathematical expected values of topological descriptors of cyclooctane induced from atom degree partition as well as a sum-degree partition, which is a finer partition than atom degree. Additionally, we carried out the comparative analysis for different descriptors considered in our study and showed special classes of cyclooctane chains with exact values