Overview of GINIX and Top-k Method

In today’s life more applications are web based and peoples may communicate with each other by using Internet. It involves more and more data retrieval from database system as per user demand. Inverted Index is a system use for searching in which searching is takes place as per index sequentially. So it require more time for searching. While Ginix can search as per word in which all files or related document that word is search appropriately. But it only search documents file which are save in database system but not search multimedia files. Hence the more competent technique for searching is top-k method in which all database is scan for finding appropriate result for given data. Also data is search on web pages. It provides more perfect result within less time as compare to Ginix. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15011

HIGH-TEMPERATURE RECEIVER DESIGNS FOR SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 CLOSED-LOOP BRAYTON CYCLES

ABSTRACT High-temperature receiver designs for solar powered supercritical CO 2 Brayton cycles that can produce ~1 MW of electricity are being investigated. Advantages of a supercritical CO 2 closed-loop Brayton cycle with recuperation include high efficiency (~50%) and a small footprint relative to equivalent systems employing steam Rankine power cycles. Heating for the supercritical CO 2 system occurs in a high-temperature solar receiver that can produce temperatures of at least 700 °C. Depending on whether the CO 2 is heated directly or indirectly, the receiver may need to withstand pressures up to 20 MPa (200 bar). This paper reviews several high-temperature receiver designs that have been investigated as part of the SERIIUS program. Designs for direct heating of CO 2 include volumetric receivers and tubular receivers, while designs for indirect heating include volumetric air receivers, molten-salt and liquid-metal tubular receivers, and falling particle receivers. Indirect receiver designs also allow storage of thermal energy for dispatchable electricity generation. Advantages and disadvantages of alternative designs are presented. Current results show that the most viable options include tubular receiver designs for direct and indirect heating of CO 2 and falling particle receiver designs for indirect heating and storage

Analytical expression for circumferential and axial distribution of absorbed flux on a bent absorber tube of solar parabolic trough concentrator

A parabolic trough has a property to concentrate the incident rays at its focal line, when tracked appropriately. The flux distribution on the absorber tube is non-uniform. Part of the absorber's periphery facing the sun receives direct incident rays where as part of the other side receives concentrated rays resulting in circumferential non-uniform flux distribution. The intensity of flux also varies along the length of the absorber tube, especially at the sun facing end, depending upon the incidence angle of the sun rays and rim angle of the parabolic cylinder. Such non-uniformity in the flux distribution on the absorber tube leads to non-uniform temperature distribution. Thus the absorber experiences thermal stresses which may lead to bending of the tube thereby creating risk of glass cover damage. In order to estimate the extent of bending, study of the flux distribution is needed. In the present work, expression for the absorbed flux on a bent absorber tube accounting circumferential and axial variations is analytically derived. Optical errors and Gaussian sun shape have also been incorporated. Results have been plotted to study the effect of bending, optical errors and rim angle of the trough on flux distribution. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Undamped passive attitude stabilization and orbit management of a 3U cubesat with drag sails

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of drag sails on maintaining a ram-facing orientation for a 3U CubeSat in Equatorial Low Earth Orbit. The influence of varying the drag sail area and inertia tensor on the aerostabilization characteristics and orbit of the spacecraft is examined through computational modeling of the spacecraft dynamics in Matlab-Simulink. The study also investigates the ability of a commercially available attitude control system to slew the spacecraft into a low-drag orientation to extend orbital lifetime. The results indicate that undamped aerostabilization of a 3U CubeSat is feasible, and provides acceptable conditions for limited scientific observation. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that the spacecraft is capable of entering and maintaining a low-drag orientation for five days without reaction wheel saturation

Explicit expressions for temperature distribution and deflection in absorber tube of solar parabolic trough concentrator

The portion of absorber tube of parabolic trough, facing the reflector, receives concentrated rays and the portion facing the sun receives direct incident rays resulting in circumferential non-uniform flux distribution. It leads to circumferential non-uniformity in the temperature of absorber tube. Thus, the absorber tube experiences differential expansion that results in tension and compression in its different parts leading to bending of the tube. Using the distribution of solar flux on the absorber tube incorporating the effects of Gaussian sun shape and optical errors, explicit expressions for finding the absorber's temperature distribution and corresponding deflection in the central axis of absorber tube (from the focal line of trough) are derived in the current work. Deflection due to the weight of the absorber tube is also accounted. The absorber tube is considered to be supported at its ends. To allow the absorber tube to elongate freely, supports are chosen such that they can move axially. Two types of conditions are considered: (i) the ends of absorber tube are allowed to rotate in the planes passing through focal line of the trough and (ii) rotation is not allowed. Keeping solar radiation, ambient conditions, receiver's dimensions, trough's aperture width, fluid and material's properties of absorber tube fixed, calculations have been carried out to study the effects of desired rise in fluid temperature, optical errors and rim angle of trough on absorber's temperature distribution and deflection in the absorber tube. For the chosen system dimensions, fluid's properties and absorber's material, as fluid's temperature rise increases from 0.1 degrees C/m (averaged over the receiver's length) to 0.5 degrees C/m, the maximum circumferential difference in absorber's temperature increases from 9 degrees C to 23 degrees C and the maximum deflection increases from -5.9 mm to -13.7 mm (positive and negative signs indicate deflections away and towards the vertex line of the trough respectively). As optical errors increase from 0 mrad to 20 mrad, the maximum circumferential difference in absorber's temperature decreases from 14 degrees C to 11 degrees C and the maximum deflection decreases from -8.8 mm to -7.2 mm. As rim angle increases from 60 degrees to 140 degrees, the maximum circumferential difference in absorber's temperature decreases from 16 degrees C to 7 degrees C and the maximum deflection decreases from -9.0 mm to -1.7 mm. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Geriatric psychiatry services in Maharashtra

India is currently home to 104 million elder, which comprise about 8.6% of the population of the country. This is only projected to increase to 20% by the year 2050. Among all elder in India, one in ten resides in Maharashtra. In addition, majority of the oldest old (above 80 years) reside in the state of Maharashtra. All these make it very important for the Government of Maharashtra to have a plan for elder care, besides the existing national policies. Ideal geriatric care services should be accessible, goal oriented, comprehensive, and accountable. Further, they should be integrated in the community for basic needs and also deliver specialty care. Maharashtra lacks in training, infrastructure, awareness of present schemes and policies, and implementation and execution of the National Programme for Health Care for the Elderly. Considering that we house the largest number of elder individuals in the country, it is time the state government took measures to implement urgent changes for elder care

Optimum sizing of wind-battery systems incorporating resource uncertainty

The inherent uncertainty of the wind is a major impediment for successful implementation of wind based power generation technology A methodology has been proposed in this paper to incorporate wind speed uncertainty in sizing wind-battery system for isolated applications. The uncertainty associated with the wind speed is incorporated using chance constraint programming approach. For a pre-specified reliability requirement, a deterministic equivalent energy balance equation may be derived from the chance constraint that allows time series simulation of the entire system. This results in a generation of the entire set of feasible design options, satisfying different system level constraints, on a battery capacity vs. generator rating diagram, also known as the design space The proposed methodology highlights the tradeoffs between the wind turbine rating, rotor diameter and the battery size for a given reliability of power supply The optimum configuration is chosen on the basis of the minimum cost of energy (US$/kWh) It is shown with the help of illustrative examples that the proposed methodology is generic and flexible to incorporate alternate sub-component models (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd

Design of wind power generation systems for industrial application incorporating resource uncertainty

The technical challenge in designing an onsite power generation system incorporating renewable energy technology for overall sustainability is the inherent unpredictability of the renewable resource. Integration of a battery bank as energy storage can alleviate the mismatch between the load and power generation. By accounting for the system operating and geometrical constraints, the entire set of feasible design options can be identified on a plot of battery capacity vs. rated power of wind generator. Such a diagram is known as the design space. The present study illustrates the generation of design space for different reliability levels for wind-battery systems using chance constrained programming. The proposed approach can generate and evaluate a range of possible design alternatives which can speed up the decision making process and also provide a clear understanding of the system design limitations

Determination of design space and optimization of solar water heating systems

In this paper, a methodology is proposed to determine the design space for synthesis, analysis, and optimization of solar water heating systems. The proposed methodology incorporates different design constraints to identify all possible designs or a design space on a collector area vs. storage volume diagram. The design space is represented by tracing constant solar fraction lines on a collector area vs. storage volume diagram. It has been observed that there exists a minimum as well as a maximum storage volume for a given solar fraction and collector area. Similarly existence of a minimum and a maximum collector area is also observed for a fixed solar fraction and storage volume. For multi-objective optimization, a Pareto optimal region is also identified. Based on the identified design space, the solar water heating system is optimized by minimizing annual life cycle cost. Due to uncertainty in solar insolation, system parameters and cost data, global optimization may not be utilized to represent a meaningful design. To overcome this, a region of possible design configurations is also identified in this paper. (c) 200

Research priorities for cognitive decline in India

The elderly population with cognitive decline is increasing at an alarming rate in developing countries such as India. There is a paucity of basic clinical research in the field of cognitive decline dealing with areas of prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and management. In India, prioritization of research capabilities is obligatory to decrease the research gap, i.e., the difference between the information needed to plan services and that which is available. The information can be gathered and utilized to frame policies and early remedial measures to tackle the emerging disease burden on the community. This article highlights the research done on cognitive decline so far and the further need for priority research on various important areas such as epidemiology, assessment methods and diagnosis, psychobehavioral symptoms, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and interventional studies to create an evidence base for our population