Unraveling the Influence of Anxiety on Language Learning: Examining its Implications for Student Behavior and Academic Performance

This study aimed to unravel the influence of anxiety on language learning and examine its implications for student behavior and academic performance. A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted to explore the causes, manifestations, and effects of anxiety on language learners. The relationship between anxiety and student behavior in language learning contexts and its impact on academic performance was a particular focus of the investigation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Surveys, interviews, and observations were used to gather data on anxiety levels, student behavior, and academic performance. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical and qualitative analysis techniques to identify patterns, trends, and correlations. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on anxiety in language learning and provide valuable insights into its implications for student behavior and academic performance. By understanding the impact of anxiety, language educators and institutions can develop effective strategies to support language learners and create a more conducive learning environment. Addressing anxiety in language learning has the potential to enhance student outcomes and promote a positive language-learning experience

Investigating the Impact of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on English as a Second Language (ESL) Instruction in the Classroom

This research study aimed to investigate the impact of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction in the classroom. The integration of CALL had gained increasing attention in language learning due to its potential to enhance instructional practices and learner outcomes. However, empirical research was needed to examine the specific effects of CALL in the ESL context. The study began with a comprehensive literature review to identify gaps and areas requiring further investigation. Specific research questions were formulated to address these gaps. The research design was determined based on the objectives, utilizing an appropriate methodology such as experimental, quasi-experimental, or mixed methods design. Participants consisted of ESL learners from a specific age group or proficiency level, and a suitable sample size and sampling method were determined. Data collection involved various methods such as surveys, observations, interviews, and pre/post-tests to gather comprehensive data. Ethical considerations were addressed, ensuring informed consent and data privacy. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical or qualitative analysis techniques. The results were interpreted to answer the research questions and contribute to the understanding of the impact of CALL on ESL instruction. Visual representations, such as charts and graphs, were included to enhance the presentation of results. The discussion and conclusion provided an interpretation of the findings and their implications for ESL instruction and the integration of CALL. Comparisons with previous research were made, and the limitations of the study were acknowledged. Recommendations for ESL teachers, curriculum developers, and policymakers were provided based on the study\u27s findings. Finally, suggestions for future research were presented to further explore the potential of CALL in the ESL classroom. The research study aimed to contribute to the field of language learning and provide insights that could inform pedagogical practices and instructional design

Integrating Coding and Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching: A Study at Cihan University-Duhok

Coding and language acquisition are highly valued in the present world, not only in the educational system but also in daily life and earning a living. In terms of Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, etc., coding is becoming more and more integrated into daily life. Applying coding to increase the visualization of English learning by smart systems employing AI in the classroom, in the context of English Language Teaching (ELT), may have a significant influence on how students learn. Any civilization needs language to facilitate social interaction because it allows people to communicate their ideas, opinions, and feelings to others while also advancing their knowledge. English is a language that everyone may use to communicate with one another. As a result of the growing tendency of linguistic globalization, bilingualism is becoming a fairly common phenomenon in today\u27s world. This paper will investigate the potential effects of coding on undergraduate students\u27 academic performance and English language comprehension. It tries to assess both levels of learning English and vocabulary by coding using the survey data by SPSS. Additionally, it will make an effort to link the teacher\u27s study level and outside-the-classroom teaching methods. A thorough literature review has been done and a research gap has been found. Then for the study, 60 undergraduate students from the Department of English, Cihan University- Duhok were chosen, and they were requested to take a pre-test to gauge their level of English proficiency. Additionally, the faculty were picked to gauge how easy it was for the students to grasp the language. After introducing coding and smart systems into the learning process, a post-test was conducted, and the outcomes were evaluated. The AI and smart system in the ELT can enhance the way and interest of learning. This study has led to the conclusion that coding can be added to ELT to enhance learning

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Trends in Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among General Population: A Study from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health problem, despite the availability of effective vaccine and improvements in antiviral therapy. About 350 million people become chronic carriers of the virus and over 1 million die annually from HBV associated liver disease and a significant number of the chronic carriers may develop liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 951 participants (568 males and 383 females) from areas around our hospital were included in the study. Blood was collected from participants and sera were separated. Samples which showed positive for HBsAg by rapid test were tested for HBsAg by ELISA technique. Of the 951 samples, 40 (4.2%) were positive for HBsAg. High prevalence was recorded in males 25/951 (2.6%) than females 15/951 (1.6%). More number of positive cases (11/951 (1.2%)) were fall in the age group of 30-39. Data on HBV prevalence at country level are needed to estimate disease burden and to formulate health and vaccine policy

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present work was conducted to microencapsulate the commercial (CE), and solvent (SE) extracted annatto using modified starch (MS) and gelatine (G) blend as wall material by spray drying. The conditions used were solid: liquid (S / L) ratio 1 to 10, extraction temperature 70 ° C, and extraction time interval (10 – 35 min) for the SE annatto extract. Among the different treatments, 20 min extraction time was highly significant in the recovery of 93.19 plus or minus 0.06 g per 100 g of annatto seeds of total pigment and 94.78 plus or minus 0.89% of bixin recovery. Both SE and CE annatto extracts have been used as a core material with wall materials (MS to G) in varied ratios of 100:0 to 60 to 40 to produce the microcapsules. The highest encapsulation efficiency of 86.18% and 86.37% were recorded for the SE and CE microcapsules prepared with the wall material (MS to G) ratio of 60 to 40. Encapsulated extract recorded higher stability against light, oxygen, and heat than the non-encapsulated annatto. In vitro release study of both microcapsules in three different pH conditions (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4) revealed an initial burst release of bixin pigment followed by a controlled release of bixin from microcapsules.Not Availabl

The characterization of an economic and portable LED-based photoacoustic imaging system to facilitate molecular imaging

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive, high-resolution hybrid imaging modality that combines optical excitation and ultrasound detection. PAI can image endogenous chromophores (melanin, hemoglobin, etc.) and exogenous contrast agents in different medical applications. However, most current equipment uses sophisticated and complicated OPO lasers with tuning and stability features inconsistent with broad clinical deployment. As the number of applications of PAI in medicine increases, there is an urgent need to make the imaging equipment more compact, portable, and affordable. Here, portable light emitting diode – based photoacoustic imaging (PLED-PAI) was introduced and characterized in terms of system specifications, light source characterizations, photoacoustic spatial/temporal resolution, and penetration. The system uses two LED arrays attached to the sides of a conventional ultrasound transducer. The LED pulse repetition rate is tunable between 1 K Hz, 2 K Hz, 3 K Hz, and 4 K Hz. The axial resolution was 0.268 mm, and the lateral resolution was between 0.55 and 0.59 mm. The system could detect optical absorber (pencil lead) at a depth of 3.2 cm and the detection limits of indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB) were 9 μM and 0.78 mM. In vivo imaging of labeled human mesenchymal stem cells was achieved to confirm compatibility with small animal imaging. The characterization we report here may have value to other groups evaluating commercially available photoacoustic imaging equipment. Keywords: Portable photoacoustic imaging, LED, Optoacoustic imaging, Molecular imagin