Studies on rapid multiplication of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on soil mound

An experiment was conducted to study rapid multiplication of black pepper (Piper nigrum) on soil mound at Dapoli (Maharashtra). The black pepper plants were planted at the base of soil mound (2.5 m width, 0.60 m height at centre, 18 m length, 45' angle slope) at various spacings (15.0,22.5, 30.0 and 37.5 cm) and compared with cuttings raised by bamboo and traditional methods. The vines in soil mound method exhibited superior performance with respect to length and root production node". The availability of cuttings from soil mound method was also the highest. The rooting percentage of cuttings obtained from soil mound and bamboo methods were significantly superior over traditional method of propagation. The B : C ratio for marketable black pepper cuttings by soil mound method was the best (2.1:1.0). Planting base material at 15 cm spacing on soil mound was the best and produced more runners per unit area as compared to other spacing treatments and traditional method. &nbsp

Molecular Characterization of Rice Genotypes Using Molecular Markers

Rice, (Oryza sativa L. 2n=24) belongs to the family Gramineae and subfamily Oryzoideae. Oryza has two cultivated species: Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Breeding for good-quality traits requires the selection of parents with a wider genetic diversity. Molecular markers are used in molecular biology and biotechnology to identify a sequence of DNA. Molecular markers have played an increasing role in rice breeding for cultivar improvement, screening, selection, and germplasm collections. The present investigation is undertaken to study the genetic diversity among thirty rice genotypes using the ISSR marker. Out of 40 ISSR primers, 9 amplified and showed polymorphism, viz., ISSR 807, ISSR 808, ISSR 809, ISSR 811, ISSR 816, ISSR 823, ISSR 826, ISSR 827 and ISSR 829. A total of 76 loci were generated by amplification with 9 polymorphic primers, out of which 66 loci were polymorphic with an average of 86.84 percent polymorphism. Among ISSR primers, ISSR 807 produced the maximum number of 11 loci. A dendrogram constructed using NTSYSpc 2.02i software grouped all 30 genotypes into two major clusters (clusters A and B). Cluster A Kalbhat alone is present in one sub-cluster at 69.2% similarity with Karjat 2, Jaya, Sairam, Saubhagya Dhan, RPBIO 226, Karjat 6, Ratnagiri 1, DRR Dhan 44, DRR Dhan 45, DRR Dhan 46, MTU 10010, Karjat 7, Swarna Shreya, Sugandha, and Madhumati. In Cluster B Karjat 3 alone forms one sub- cluster and has 70 % similarity with MTU 1001, PKVHMT, JGL 1798, Indrayani, Phule Samruddhi, Phule Maval, Sonsal, Pavana, DRR Dhan 41, kundalika, Bhogawati, Ambemohar, and Phule Radha

Automatic Fracture Recovery and Limb Lengthening System using ilizarov

Ilizarov treatment is being increasingly used for surgery in limb lengthening and fracture recovery. Manual distraction procedure is painful and causes more trouble to the patient. In this paper, we discuss the design and development of automated motorized fracture recovery ilizarov system. This system is built to reduce human work and also has various features such as programmable parameters i.e. we can change the as per requirement, emergency stop etc. The developed system is user friendly, it reduces human errors