The Use of Value Capture for Transport Projects in China: Opportunities and Challenges

Value capture (VC) could be a useful tool to address the huge demand for public transport infrastructure funding in China. This research identifies the opportunities and challenges faced by VC implementation in China and explains how local governments and local transit agencies dealt with the regulatory barriers. The findings of this research offer insights including: (1) macro environment, regulatory framework, and supportive policy environment provide opportunities to adopt VC projects, while the risk of acquiring land vale cannot be isolated from the global political and economic situations; (2) the regulatory challenges of land transactions and lack of property tax system restrict the application of VC; (3) evidence from the case study of Shenzhen demonstrates that local government may creatively deal with the regulatory challenges to do VC and benefit local community; (4) institutional capacity is vital to implement VC. The analysis of Shenzhen experience can provide a reference for other Chinese cities to implement VC.fals

Throughput analysis for cognitive radio networks with multiple primary users and imperfect spectrum sensing

In cognitive radio networks, the licensed frequency bands of the primary users (PUs) are available to the secondary user (SU) provided that they do not cause significant interference to the PUs. In this study, the authors analysed the normalised throughput of the SU with multiple PUs coexisting under any frequency division multiple access communication protocol. The authors consider a cognitive radio transmission where the frame structure consists of sensing and data transmission slots. In order to achieve the maximum normalised throughput of the SU and control the interference level to the legal PUs, the optimal frame length of the SU is found via simulation. In this context, a new analytical formula has been expressed for the achievable normalised throughput of SU with multiple PUs under prefect and imperfect spectrum sensing scenarios. Moreover, the impact of imperfect sensing, variable frame length of SU and the variable PU traffic loads, on the normalised throughput has been critically investigated. It has been shown that the analytical and simulation results are in perfect agreement. The authors analytical results are much useful to determine how to select the frame duration length subject to the parameters of cognitive radio network, such as network traffic load, achievable sensing accuracy and number of coexisting PUs

Analisis Pengendalian Sosial oleh Guru terhadap Sikap Antisosial Siswa-siswi di Mtsn 1 Pontianak

The title of this study is "Analysis of Social Control By Teacher Against Antisocial Attitudes Students In MTs Negeri 1 Pontianak. The problem in this research is how the social control by the teacher toward the antisocial attitude of the students in MTs Negeri 1 Pontianak (1) preventive (2) repressive and (3) curative. The method used is qualitative with descriptive analysis. The students studied were the students of class VII A. The informants in this study were the Head of School, Teacher Counseling Guidance, Guardians Class VII A, Integrated IPS Teachers andstudent representatives. The data collection tools use observation guides, interview guides and documents. The results of the research (1) Preventive control is before teaching the teacher to give direction to the students how they should behave according to the rules in school and always be honest, during the ceremony the principal always give advice to the students, during the activity of recitation Student Representatives advise students not to forget prayer. (2) Repressive control is done by teachers giving reprimands to students who do not perform the task, the teacher gives punishment to the cheating students, the principal punishes the students who are not orderly during the ceremony and students who are late. (3) Curative control is done by the teacher Teacher Counseling Guidance by calling students and giving awareness to students who are antisocial by providing motivation and guidance