29,454 research outputs found
Detecting multiple authorship of United States Supreme Court legal decisions using function words
This paper uses statistical analysis of function words used in legal
judgments written by United States Supreme Court justices, to determine which
justices have the most variable writing style (which may indicated greater
reliance on their law clerks when writing opinions), and also the extent to
which different justices' writing styles are distinguishable from each other.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS378 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Quasilinear approach of the cumulative whistler instability in fast solar winds: Constraints of electron temperature anisotropy
Context. Solar outflows are a considerable source of free energy which
accumulates in multiple forms like beaming (or drifting) components and/or
temperature anisotropies. However, kinetic anisotropies of plasma particles do
not grow indefinitely and particle-particle collisions are not efficient enough
to explain the observed limits of these anisotropies. Instead, the
self-generated wave instabilities can efficiently act to constrain kinetic
anisotropies, but the existing approaches are simplified and do not provide
satisfactory explanations. Thus, small deviations from isotropy shown by the
electron temperature () in fast solar winds are not explained yet.
Aims. This paper provides an advanced quasilinear description of the whistler
instability driven by the anisotropic electrons in conditions typical for the
fast solar winds. The enhanced whistler-like fluctuations may constrain the
upper limits of temperature anisotropy ,
where are defined with respect to the magnetic field
direction.
Methods. Studied are the self-generated whistler instabilities, cumulatively
driven by the temperature anisotropy and the relative (counter)drift of the
electron populations, e.g., core and halo electrons. Recent studies have shown
that quasi-stable states are not bounded by the linear instability thresholds
but an extended quasilinear approach is necessary to describe them in this
case.
Results. Marginal conditions of stability are obtained from a quasilinear
theory of the cumulative whistler instability, and approach the quasi-stable
states of electron populations reported by the observations.The instability
saturation is determined by the relaxation of both the temperature anisotropy
and the relative drift of electron populations.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Ground States of S-duality Twisted N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory
We study the low-energy limit of a compactification of N=4 U(n) super
Yang-Mills theory on with boundary conditions modified by an S-duality
and R-symmetry twist. This theory has N=6 supersymmetry in 2+1D. We analyze the
compactification of this 2+1D theory by identifying a dual weakly coupled
type-IIA background. The Hilbert space of normalizable ground states is
finite-dimensional and appears to exhibit a rich structure of sectors. We
identify most of them with Hilbert spaces of Chern-Simons theory (with
appropriate gauge groups and levels). We also discuss a realization of a
related twisted compactification in terms of the (2,0)-theory, where the recent
solution by Gaiotto and Witten of the boundary conditions describing D3-branes
ending on a (p,q) 5-brane plays a crucial role.Comment: 104 pages, 5 figures. Revisions to subsection (6.6) and other minor
corrections included in version
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