ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG PENGECER IKAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Hendri Gusli Yenni, S. Analisis Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Pedagang Pengecer Ikan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat"Pembimbing Ir M Nassir Hawy, M Si sebagar pembmmbing utama an Ir Ismayami, M Si sebagat pembimbing keduaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis besarnya pengaruh modal, volume pembelian, harga jual dan biaya transportasi terhadap pendapatan dari pedagang pengecer ikan Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Penentuan pedagang sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling (secara acak sederhana). Besar sampel yang diambil adalah 18 sampel atau50% dari total pedagang yang ada di setiap daerah penelitian yaitu desa Meureubo kecamatan Meureubo diambil 6 sampel dari 12 pedagang yang ada, desa Drien Ramphang kecamatan Johan Pahlawan sebanyak 7 sampel dari 14 pedagang yang ada dan desa Samatiga kecamatan Samatiga sebanyak 5 sampel dari I0 pedagang yang adaUntuk menguji kebenaran hipotesis yang telah diturunkan maka data yang telah dikumpulkan di lapangan (data primer) diolah dengan menstabulasikannya kemudian dipindahkan dalam bentuk tabelaris sesuai dengan kebutuhan analisis Untuk menguji hipotesis digunakan model Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda.Hasil pengujian secara serempak menunjukkan bahwa modal (X1), volume pembelian (X2), harga jual (X3), dan biaya transportasi (X4), secara serempak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pedagang pengecer ikan (Y) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Secara parsial, modal berpengaruh, volume pembelian, dan harga jual berpengaruh nyata,seta biaya transportasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pedagang pengencer ikan di kabupaten Aceh barat.Besarnya pendapatan yang di terima oleh para pedagang pengencer ikan di kabupatenAceh Barat ,Yaitu Rp.367.607-per hari per pedagang.Agar dapat meningkatkan kegiatan pemasaran dan luas daerah yang dipasarkan dapat diperluas.Penggunaan komponen biaya sangat diperhitungkan demi mengurangi resiko kehilangannya pendapatan para pedagang pengencer ikan .Perlunya penambahan volume dan meningkatkan penjualan demi peningkatan pendapatan pedagang pengencer ikan

Soil Organic Matter, Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change in Cocoa–Based Agroforestry Systems

Belowground roles of agroforestry in climate change mitigation (C storage) and adaptation (reduced vulnerability to drought) are less obvious than easy-to-measure aspects aboveground. Documentation on these roles is lacking. We quantified the organic C concentration (Corg) and soil physical properties in a mountainous landscape in Sulawesi (Indonesia) for five land cover types: secondary forest (SF), multistrata cocoa–based agroforestry (CAF) aged 4–5 years (CAF4), 10–12 years (CAF10), 17–34 years (CAF17), and multistrata (mixed fruit and timber) agroforest (MAF45) aged 45–68 years. With four replicate plots per cover type, we measured five pools of C-stock according to IPCC guidelines, soil bulk density (BD), macro porosity (MP), hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and available water capacity of the soil (AWC). The highest C-stock, in SF, was around 320 Mg ha−1, the lowest, 74 Mg ha−1, was in CAF4, with the older agroforestry systems being intermediate with 120 to 150 Mg ha−1. Soil compaction after forest conversion led to increased BD and reduced MP, Ks, and AWC. Older agroforestry partly recovered buffering: AWC per m of rooted soil profile increased by 5.7 mm per unit (g kg−1) increase of Corg. The restored AWC can support about a week’s worth of evapotranspiration without rain, assisting in climate change adaptation

Soil carbon stocks in Indonesian (agro) forest transitions: Compaction conceals lower carbon concentrations in standard accounting

Soil changes matter for the global carbon (C) balance although belowground response to land use change is slower and less obvious than that aboveground. Impacts of changes from natural forest to a range of intermediate tree-based land uses (‘agroforestry’) and non-tree agriculture remain contested. Standard C-stock accounting for a fixed sampling depth depends on changes in both Corg concentrations and bulk density, often with opposite effects. Confounding factors that, beyond current vegetation, influence Corg (soil texture, minerology, drainage, elevation and soil pH) may also influence bulk density. Because land use may not be random with respect to inherent soil properties, differences in soil C-stock between land uses can have multiple causes. We compiled and analysed data from six landscapes in Indonesia (volcanic and other mineral soils; Sumatra, Kalimantan; Java, Sulawesi) where chronosequences of forest, various agroforestry systems and open-field agriculture had been sampled. Our data analysis (617 samples within 0−30 cm depth; 8 land use types) showed that a pedotransfer function for effects on Corg of texture, elevation and soil pH reduced the relative standard error of means per land use type, reduced the range (Max–Min)/Avg and led to a more consistent pattern in apparent land use effects. Relative to natural forest reductions in Corg concentration in the 0−30 cm layer (corrected for confounding factors) averaged 8–20 % in degraded forest, complex agroforest, oil palm plantations and older forest plantation plots, and 25–30 % in simple agroforestry, monoculture tree crops and woodlots, or over 40 % in non-tree (mostly cropped) plots. However, calculated C-stock change was small due to an observed increase (up to 30 %) of bulk density relative to that of natural forest. This implies that up to 23 % additional Corg became included in the soil sampling, resulting in a non-negligible bias (underestimate) in estimated soil carbon loss based on internationally agreed C-stock accounting