Penicillium arizonense, a new, genome sequenced fungal species, reveals a high chemical diversity in secreted metabolites

A new soil-borne species belonging to the Penicillium section Canescentia is described, Penicillium arizonense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 141311(T) = IBT 12289(T)). The genome was sequenced and assembled into 33.7 Mb containing 12,502 predicted genes. A phylogenetic assessment based on marker genes confirmed the grouping of P. arizonense within section Canescentia. Compared to related species, P. arizonense proved to encode a high number of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, in particular hemicellulases. Mining the genome for genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis resulted in the identification of 62 putative biosynthetic gene clusters. Extracts of P. arizonense were analysed for secondary metabolites and austalides, pyripyropenes, tryptoquivalines, fumagillin, pseurotin A, curvulinic acid and xanthoepocin were detected. A comparative analysis against known pathways enabled the proposal of biosynthetic gene clusters in P. arizonense responsible for the synthesis of all detected compounds except curvulinic acid. The capacity to produce biomass degrading enzymes and the identification of a high chemical diversity in secreted bioactive secondary metabolites, offers a broad range of potential industrial applications for the new species P. arizonense. The description and availability of the genome sequence of P. arizonense, further provides the basis for biotechnological exploitation of this species

Heart-type Fatty acid-binding protein in Acute Myocardial infarction Evaluation (FAME): Background and design of a diagnostic study in primary care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Currently used biomarkers for cardiac ischemia are elevated in blood plasma after a delay of several hours and therefore unable to detect acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a very early stage. General practitioners (GPs), however, are often confronted with patients suspected of ACS within hours after onset of complaints. This ongoing study aims to evaluate the added diagnostic value beyond clinical assessment for a rapid bedside test for heart-type fatty-acid binding protein (H-FABP), a biomarker that is detectable as soon as one hour after onset of ischemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Participating GPs perform a blinded H-FABP rapid bedside test (Cardiodetect^®) in patients with symptoms suggestive of ACS such as chest pain or discomfort at rest. All patients, whether referred to hospital or not, undergo electrocardiography (ECG) and venapunction for a plasma troponin test within 12–36 hours after onset of complaints. A final diagnosis will be established by an expert panel consisting of two cardiologists and one general practitioner (blinded to the H-FABP test result), using all available patient information, also including signs and symptoms. The added diagnostic value of the H-FABP test beyond history taking and physical examination will be determined with receiver operating characteristic curves derived from multivariate regression analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Reasons for presenting the design of our study include the prevention of publication bias and unacknowledged alterations in the study aim, design or data-analysis. To our knowledge this study is the first to assess the diagnostic value of H-FABP <it>outside </it>a hospital-setting. Several previous hospital-based studies showed the potential value of H-FABP in diagnosing ACS. Up to now however it is unclear whether these results are equally promising when the test is used in primary care. The first results are expected in the end of 2008.</p

Chest pain in primary care: is the localization of pain diagnostically helpful in the critical evaluation of patients? - A cross sectional study

BACKGROUND: Chest pain is a common complaint and reason for consultation in primary care. Traditional textbooks still assign pain localization a certain discriminative role in the differential diagnosis of chest pain. The aim of our study was to synthesize pain drawings from a large sample of chest pain patients and to examine whether pain localizations differ for different underlying etiologies. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 1212 consecutive patients with chest pain recruited in 74 primary care offices in Germany. Primary care providers (PCPs) marked pain localization and radiation of each patient on a pictogram. After 6 months, an independent interdisciplinary reference panel reviewed clinical data of every patient, deciding on the etiology of chest pain at the time of patient recruitment. PCP drawings were entered in a specially designed computer program to produce merged pain charts for different etiologies. Dissimilarities between individual pain localizations and differences on the level of diagnostic groups were analyzed using the Hausdorff distance and the C-index. RESULTS: Pain location in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) did not differ from the combined group of all other patients, including patients with chest wall syndrome (CWS), gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) or psychogenic chest pain. There was also no difference in chest pain location between male and female CHD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Pain localization is not helpful in discriminating CHD from other common chest pain etiologies

Assisting people with dementia with their medicines: experiences of family carers

Abstract Objectives Many family carers provide assistance with medicines that is vital for optimal clinical outcomes. Medicines-related tasks are known to contribute to carer burden and stress. This study examined the experiences of family carers when providing medicines-related assistance for a person with dementia, to indicate how services could become more responsive to the specific needs of this group of carers. Methods Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with family carers and carerecipients identified though a memory clinic in north London and a local Alzheimer&apos;s Society. The interview guide, comprising open questions, was informed by previous studies and consultation with stakeholders. Qualitative procedures involving a framework approach were employed in the analysis. Key findings Fourteen interviews with carers and five with care-recipients were conducted. These highlighted the burden and challenges, surrounding medicinesmanagement activities. As well as practical aspects that could be complex, carers were commonly making judgements about the need for and appropriateness of medicines. Although experiences were varied, carers reported difficulties in maintaining supplies, ensuring adherence to regimens and accessing health professionals; and they made some recommendations for service improvements. Carers&apos; difficulty in obtaining information and advice about medicines was compounded by their desire to allow the care-recipient to retain autonomy over their medicines as long as possible. Conclusion This study highlights the distinct needs and problems with regard to medicines-management when caring for a person with dementia. As the prevalence of dementia rises, interventions designed to address these specific aspects of reduce carer-burden should be a priority for health professionals

The chondroepitrochlearis muscle: a rare cause of axillary vein thrombosis and lymphedema

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

The chondroepitrochlearis muscle: A rare cause of axillary vein thrombosis and lymphedema

The chondroepitrochlearis muscle is a rare anomaly of the pectoralis major crossing over the neurovascular bundle in the axilla. Often associated with other supernumerary muscles like the arch of Langer, it has been reported in the past as a cause of restriction of arm abduction, cosmetic defects and compression of the ulnary nerve. This case report describes the first known vascular complication due to a chondroepitrochlearis muscle, causing intermittent compression of the axillary vein and thrombosis, associated with pain, upper limb lymphedema, and impaired movements. The diagnosis was suspected from the medical history and confirmed by palpation and dynamic ultrasonography. Surgery was performed to divide the muscle slip with the help of lymphofluoroscopy to prevent damage to the lymphatic structures. Pain and impairment of movement disappeared within a few days after surgery and lymphedema decreased significantly.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Radiative lifetimes and linewidth broadening of single InAs quantum dots in an Al\u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3eGa\u3csub\u3e(1-x)\u3c/sub\u3eAs matrix

We investigate the linewidths and radiative lifetimes of single InAs quantum dots embedded in the ternary matrix AlxGa(1−x)AsAlxGa(1−x)As as a function of aluminum composition. For an increasing aluminum content, we find that the average of the measured linewidths of individual transitions increases. Furthermore, we find that the distribution of the measured linewidths broadens. We infer that the linewidth broadening is the result of spectral wandering caused by inhomogeneities and local defects in the surrounding AlxGa(1−x)AsAlxGa(1−x)As matrix. Local charging and de-charging of defects polarize quantum dots in their vicinity thereby shifting the energy states of the exciton transition in time through the quantum confined Stark effect. The intrinsic radiative lifetimes of numerous quantum dots were determined. We suggest that the observed variation in radiative lifetime at a given photon energy is explained by the influence of an in-plane electric field on the oscillator strength of the electron–hole pair