Cluster Based Symbolic Representation for Skewed Text Categorization

In this work, a problem associated with imbalanced text corpora is addressed. A method of converting an imbalanced text corpus into a balanced one is presented. The presented method employs a clustering algorithm for conversion. Initially to avoid curse of dimensionality, an effective representation scheme based on term class relevancy measure is adapted, which drastically reduces the dimension to the number of classes in the corpus. Subsequently, the samples of larger sized classes are grouped into a number of subclasses of smaller sizes to make the entire corpus balanced. Each subclass is then given a single symbolic vector representation by the use of interval valued features. This symbolic representation in addition to being compact helps in reducing the space requirement and also the classification time. The proposed model has been empirically demonstrated for its superiority on bench marking datasets viz., Reuters 21578 and TDT2. Further, it has been compared against several other existing contemporary models including model based on support vector machine. The comparative analysis indicates that the proposed model outperforms the other existing models.Comment: 14 Pages, 15 Figures, 1 Table, Conference: RTIP2

Crystal structure of (E)-N-{2-[2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazin-l-yl]-2-oxoethy1}-p-toluene- sulfonamide

The title acyl­hydrazone derivative, C17H19N3O3S, containing an amino acid moiety and electron-donating substituents attached to both the phenyl rings, crystallized with two independent mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The mol­ecules are bent at the S atom, with C-SO2-NH-CH2 torsion angles of -67.3 (2) and 67.7 (3)° in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. Further, the dihedral angles between the sulfonyl­glycine segments and the p-toluene­sulfonyl rings are 76.1 (1) and 85.8 (1)° in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. The central hydrazone segments and the toluene rings attached to them are almost co-planar with their mean planes being inclined to one another by 5.2 (2) (mol­ecule A) and 2.9 (2)° (mol­ecule B). The dihedral angles between the benzene rings are 86.83 (12) (mol­ecule A) and 74.00 (14)° (mol­ecule B). In the crystal, the A mol­ecules are linked by a pair of N-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(8) ring motif. The dimers are linked via three N-H...O hydrogen bonds involving the B mol­ecules, forming chains along [100] and enclosing R22(12) and R44(16) ring motifs. The chains are linked via C-H...O hydrogen bonds and a C-H...[pi] inter­action, forming sheets parallel to (010). There is a further C-H...[pi] inter­action and a slipped parallel [pi]-[pi] inter­action [inter-centroid distance = 3.8773 (16) Å] between the sheets, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework

Feed stock crop options, crop research and development strategy for bioenergy production in India

Soaring prices of fossil-fuels and environmental pollution associated with their use, has resulted in increased interest in the production and use of bio-energy in India. Government of India has made policies to promote the production and use of bio-fuels which have triggered public and private investments in bio-fuel feed stock crop research and development and bio-fuel production. In this paper, efforts have been made to review and discuss various feed stock crop options and crop research and development interventions required to generate feed-stocksto produce required volume of bio-energy to meet projected demand without compromising food/fodder security and potential benefits of bio-fuels in reducing environment pollution and contributing to the energy security in India

Les Slumdog non-millionaires: Petites et moyennes villes indiennes en marge du développement urbain

dossier spécial Petites et Moyennes villes coordonné par Taulelle FIn India, the dominant theme of megacities and their development has concealed the significance of small and medium-sized towns. Though numerous, these towns have benefited only marginally from reforms introduced since the 1990s and need to be better taken into consideration if they are to escape poverty.En Inde, le développement des mégapoles focalise l’attention et tend à masquer l’existence de petites et moyennes villes. Ces dernières, très nombreuses, ont peu bénéficié des réformes entreprises depuis les années 1990 et nécessitent d’être mieux prises en compte pour sortir de la pauvreté

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of erythro-series pentoses and hexoses by N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-arabinose, and D-ribose with chloramine-T in alkaline medium were studied. The rate law, rate = k Chloramine-T] Sugar] HO-](2), was observed. The rate of the reaction was influenced by a change in ionic strength of the medium, and the dielectric effect was found to be negative. The latter enabled the computation of d(AB), the size of the activated complex. The reaction rate was almost doubled in deuterium oxide. Activation energies were calculated from the Arrhenius plots. HPLC and GLC-MS analyses of the products indicated that the sugars were oxidized to a mixture of aldonic acids, consisting of arabinonic, ribonic, erythronic, and glyceric acids. Based on these data, a plausible mechanism involving the aldo-enolic anions of pentoses and keto-enolic anions of hexoses is suggested. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Preparation and curing studies of maleimide bisphenol-A based epoxy resins

Maleimide modified epoxy compounds were prepared by reacting N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide (HPM) with diglycidylether of bisphenol-A. Triphenylphosphine was used as catalyst and methylethylketone as solvent. The resulting compound possessed both the oxirane ring and maleimide group. The curing reaction of the maleimide epoxy compound with amine curing agents such as 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AEP) and 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane methylamine isophorone diamine, IPDA) were studied. Incorporation of maleimide groups in the epoxy resin provides cyclic imide structure and high cross-linking density to the cured resins. The cured samples were found to have good thermal stability, chemical resistance (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance

Crystal structure of (E)-N-{2-[2-(3-chlorobenzyl-idene) hydrazinyl]-2-oxoethyl}-4-methylbenzene-sulfonamide monohydrate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H16ClN3O3S·H2O, is L-shaped being bent at the S atom; the S-N-C-C torsion angle is 132.0 (3)°. The central part of the mol­ecule, C-C-N-N=C, is almost linear, with the C-C-N-N and C-N-N=C torsion angles being -174.1 (2) and 176.0 (2)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the p-toluene­sulfonyl ring and the S-N-C-C(=O) segment is 67.5 (4)°, while that between the two aromatic rings is 52.17 (11)°. In the crystal, the water H atom is involved in O-H...O hydrogen bonds with a sulfonamide O atom and the carbonyl O atom. The water O atom is itself hydrogen bonded to both NH hydrogen atoms. These four hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of corrugated sheets lying parallel to (100). There are also weak C-H...O contacts present within the sheets